In today's world, the Internet of Things (IoT) plays an increasingly important role, allowing various devices and objects to interact in real time. However, with an increase in the number of connected devices, there is a need to ensure reliable control of these systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the concept of a network of devices equipped with sensors and the ability to connect to the internet, which allows them to communicate and interact without direct human participation. IoT makes a significant contribution to improving efficiency, automation and improving the quality of life. In this paper, we systematically consider and analyze the current state of trust management for IoT. We propose a classification based on the tools, methods and technologies used to form trust management methods (collection of information for the formation of trust, calculation and storage of trust values). The article addresses the main issues of security and management in IoT, and also provides solutions that ensure the reliability and security of devices and data. In conclusion, it is concluded about the importance of trust management to ensure the safety and efficiency of IoT devices. We will try to help the reader understand current issues in this area, build a reliable management system and navigate the literature.

The article is devoted to the study of the use of machine learning for the analysis of cyber attacks. The study examines Random Forest, SVM and Logistic Regression algorithms, which successfully cope with the tasks of detecting anomalies and minimizing false positives. Adapting models to work with unbalanced data, such as using LabelEncoder for categorical features and StandardScaler for data standardization, has significantly improved their performance. Based on the analysis of data from the «Real-Time Internet of Things (RT-IoT 2022)» set, the results of the accuracy and stability of the models are presented. The main focus is on protecting against cyber threats, including information leaks, DDoS attacks, and other types of threats. An analysis of various machine learning algorithms for cyberattack research has shown significant results. Random Forest has demonstrated the highest accuracy – 99,86%, providing high stability and efficiency in classifying various types of threats. SVM showed an accuracy of 99,29%, coping with most complex classes. Logistic Regression showed satisfactory results with an accuracy of 97,71%, although in some rare cases the accuracy was lower. Thus, Random Forest and SVM have demonstrated the best performance for security and cyberattack analysis tasks in digital systems, providing high accuracy and reliability. In the future, it is planned to introduce more sophisticated methods, such as deep learning, to more accurately identify and analyze threats.

This study presents a new approach to the optimization of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for medical entity recognition and disease classification. By leveraging patient queries and PubMed article abstracts, the research uses advanced extraction methods to identify biomedical entities and diseases from medical texts. Diseases are grouped using a combination of TF-IDF and K-means clustering, and classification models are then applied to predict disease clusters based on known entities. A key innovation of this work is the use of Stochastic Dynamic Optimization to fine-tune parameters, significantly enhancing clustering and classification performance.

Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the accuracy of extraction and classification, outperforming traditional methods in terms of precision and scalability. This scalable and efficient approach to biomedical data analysis has the potential to support future clinical decision-making, enable personalized medicine, and provide valuable healthcare insights, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and more effective research workflows.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in industrial automation has led to significant improvements in efficiency, predictive maintenance, and cost reduction. This study investigates the application of AI-based control systems in crude oil refining, focusing on optimizing process efficiency, minimizing maintenance costs, and improving system reliability. Traditional control methods, which rely on pre-defined rules and manual intervention, often lead to inefficiencies and unplanned downtime. In contrast, AI-driven automation enables real-time data analysis, predictive decision-making, and adaptive control mechanisms.

Our research utilizes advanced machine learning models, including artificial neural networks (ANNs) and gradient boosting algorithms, to optimize process parameters. These models were trained using historical operational data and validated through simulation-based testing. Results demonstrate that AI-driven systems reduce maintenance costs by up to 30%, improve predictive accuracy by 25%, and enhance energy efficiency by 15%. Furthermore, intelligent control systems show high adaptability to variations in crude composition, enabling more robust and sustainable operations.

To address the challenge of AI model transparency, the study incorporates explainable AI (XAI) techniques such as SHAP and LIME to improve interpretability and support trust in automated decision-making – particularly in safety-critical refinery processes. These tools provide insights into feature importance and model behavior, facilitating better understanding by engineers and operators.

Despite the performance benefits, the adoption of AI in industrial environments faces challenges, including high initial investment costs, integration with legacy systems, and cybersecurity risks. The paper proposes strategies to mitigate these barriers, such as phased deployment, secure system architecture, and hybrid control models combining AI with rule-based logic.

This research underscores the transformative potential of AI in refining operations and contributes to the development of reliable, transparent, and cost-effective automation solutions for the energy sector.

The development of a multiservice network in the Republic of Kazakhstan requires the application of a scientifically grounded methodological approach based on the analysis of international experience and comprehensive research. This article examines a scenario for modernizing the infocommunication system based on the «Network-2030» concept proposed by the International Telecommunication Union. The key requirements of the concept are described, including increasing network capacity, reliability, and flexibility to efficiently serve various types of traffic such as voice, video, data, and IoT devices. Special attention is given to the analysis of multiservice traffic parameters, such as flow intensity, variability, autocorrelation, and time characteristics. Based on the conducted research, hypotheses and methods for assessing the statistical characteristics of traffic have been formulated, allowing for more accurate network load forecasting and improved network design accuracy. The results of the analysis and proposed hypotheses formed the basis of a methodological approach for designing a prospective multiservice network in Kazakhstan. The proposed methodology aims to optimize the use of network resources, improve the quality of service for users, and increase the network’s resilience to changing operational conditions. The practical significance of this work lies in the development of recommendations for designing and modernizing telecommunication networks, which will provide Kazakhstan with modern infocommunication services and accelerate the digitalization of its economy. The scientific value of the work lies in the development of approaches to assessing the characteristics of multiservice traffic and adapting the «Network-2030» concept to national conditions.

Multiservice traffic is characterized by its stochastic nature, which significantly complicates the tasks of evaluating the capacity and performance of telecommunication networks. For effective planning and design of modern networks, it is necessary to use reliable methods for analyzing and evaluating the statistical characteristics of traffic, such as flow intensity, variation coefficients, autocorrelation, packet interarrival time distribution, and session duration. This paper presents an analysis of methods for collecting, processing, and interpreting multiservice traffic parameters. Approaches to network monitoring and the use of statistical data analysis under conditions of variable network load are considered. Special attention is given to formulating scientifically grounded hypotheses for modeling the behavior of different traffic types, such as voice, video, and data traffic. This allows for more accurate consideration of the specific characteristics of each traffic type when predicting network load. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed for selecting measurement and analysis methods to ensure optimal distribution of network resources. Approaches to improving the reliability and accuracy of performance evaluation under unpredictable load changes are also proposed. The results obtained will be applied to the development of a methodology for designing a prospective multiservice network in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which will enhance the efficiency of network infrastructure use, optimize routing processes, and improve the quality of service for end users. The findings will be useful for telecommunications specialists, as well as those involved in the design and operation of networks, in addressing tasks related to improving the performance and reliability of multiservice networks.

The purpose of the research in this article is to improve the operation of urban water treatment plants using biological purification using neural network technologies. Before controlling aeration in the aeration tank, the neural network processes the volume of incoming wastewater (flow and level sensors measure the volume of incoming wastewater, flow rate and its dynamics. Dissolved oxygen sensors monitor the oxygen level in the aeration tank, which is critical for the work of microorganisms, for example, if an increase in water volume is predicted, the system increases the oxygen supply in advance. The constant collection of data from sensors allows you to compare the actual parameters with the predicted ones, correcting the operation of the system in real time. The integration of predictive analytics with aerotank control systems allows for a synergistic effect: 1 – Forecasting the parameters of incoming wastewater provides an opportunity to adjust the system operation in advance, 2 – Adaptive control of aeration and activated sludge reduces energy consumption and increases the efficiency of biological treatment. Continuous monitoring and feedback will allow the system to dynamically respond to changes, ensuring process stability and preventing emergencies. Thus, neural network algorithms, combined with SCADA systems, form the basis for intelligent automation of wastewater treatment plants, which contributes not only to improving the quality of wastewater treatment, but also to significant savings in energy resources, reducing operating costs and improving environmental safety.

The paper presents research findings related to the security of widespread Internet of Things (IoT) platforms and protocols, based on the analysis of existing vulnerability databases and practical penetration testing of IoT device networks using modern methods. An algorithm for collecting and extracting relevant data from the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database has been developed. Additionally, a web interface for an interactive CVE table was created, facilitating the processing and visualization of large volumes of data in a convenient and clear format. The conducted analysis aimed to identify the most critical vulnerabilities that should be minimized through the introduction of a new authentication protocol for IoT devices and to define specific requirements for the protocol targeting identified vulnerabilities. During penetration testing of wireless networks, significant vulnerabilities were discovered in the examined IoT devices and the LoRaWAN wireless network. As a result, a dataset containing a list of IoT system vulnerabilities extracted from the CVE glossary, including descriptions of attack vectors and severity based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), was compiled, along with practical recommendations for mitigating the vulnerabilities.

The results of the study on the development of a system of models of interconnected reactors of the sulfur production unit of the Atyrau Refinery are presented. The development of models of complex technological systems such as the sulfur production unit is complicated by their complexity and uncertainty associated with the shortage and ambiguity of the initial information. In this regard, the goal of the study was defined as the creation of a package of models of interconnected units of complex technological systems with a deficit and ambiguity of initial information based on available information of various natures. The main results of the study are: a method for creating a system of models of interconnected units of complex chemical-technological systems characterized by a deficit and fuzzy initial information; system analysis, expert assessment of various types of models and selection of an effective model of the main units of the studied sulfur production unit; hybrid models of a thermal reactor, Claus reactors and Cold Bed Absorption were developed based on available statistical data obtained by passive, active experiments and fuzzy information received from the decision maker and experts; a scheme for combining models of reactors and condensers of the sulfur production unit into a single package of models was proposed, according to which a package for system modeling and optimization of the operating modes of this unit was created. The scientific importance of the obtained results lies in the development of methods for developing mathematical models and system modeling of complex technological systems under uncertainty. The practical significance of the work is that the proposed method can be used to develop a package of models of various technological systems and systematically model their operating modes to optimize their parameters.

Oncological diseases are one of the deadliest diseases in the modern world. Early diagnosis of these diseases helps to increase the life expectancy of patients. The development of measures and programs for the early diagnosis of oncological diseases is one of the urgent problems today. The use of intelligent systems and artificial intelligence methods in the diagnosis of cancer is an important aspect in this matter. In such cases, expert systems or decision support systems are mainly used. This paper examines the early diagnosis of lung cancer using a protocol survey and taking into account regional factors. The research is conducted for residents of the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site. As the tests carried out have an impact on the health of the citizens of this region to this day. The region is one of the five regions with the highest incidence of oncological diseases and mortality rates. An analysis of the existing expert systems was carried out. Neural networks for decision support systems were used as the basis of the model. Each parameter of the model is assigned a weight, relative to which the significance is calculated and preliminary instructions are given on the further actions of the interviewed patient. As a result, the factors that most strongly influence the incidence of lung cancer were identified.

In the context of the rapid development of information and communication technologies, the digitalization of education is becoming an integral component of the modern educational environment. The transformation of traditional teaching methods towards flexible, personalized and interactive digital formats is a response to global challenges related to the availability of knowledge, the quality of teaching and the need for continuous professional development.

Online platforms play a key role in this process, providing technical solutions for distance learning, automation of educational processes and analysis of educational data. Such systems make it possible to scale learning, provide adaptive trajectories, track academic performance, and increase student engagement through the use of modern interfaces and personalization algorithms. This article provides an overview of the main technical requirements and standards for online learning platforms and LMS in the world and Kazakhstan. As an example of a global standard for online learning platforms, the National Online Learning Quality Standards, which were first developed in 2007 by the International K-12 Online Learning Association (iNACOL), are considered. From the perspective of Kazakhstan's experience, the article examines various orders and standards developed by authorized bodies responsible for the implementation and quality of online learning.

The article examines online learning platforms such as Coursera, Udemy, Khan Academy, Stepik and Arzamas, analyzes their compliance with National Online Learning Quality Standards and parameters: quality assurance, interoperability, personalization and adaptability of learning, accessibility and inclusivity, assessment and certification. Next, the article presents an analysis of compliance with the standards of the most popular open source learning management systems (LMS) – Moodle, OLAT, etc.

In conclusion, it is concluded that it is necessary to constantly develop new and adjust existing requirements and standards of online learning from the point of view of technical implementation.

In today's world, technology is developing rapidly, and the number of online threats is increasing, making data protection one of the main priorities. This article provides an overview of key areas, methods, and tools for information security in computer networks. The theoretical part examines the main methods of information protection, including data encryption, attack detection systems, identity verification techniques, and access control methods. The practical part of the article includes a quantitative analysis of scientific studies on data protection in computer networks using the Bibliometrix program. The obtained results help identify the most significant studies, authors, and key trends, providing a better understanding of the current state and future prospects of this field. Graphs, tables, and diagrams in the article help visually present information and highlight the most important aspects of the research. Based on the conducted analysis, current trends and directions in information security were identified, helping to understand how technologies are evolving and which trends are crucial for ensuring the security of computer networks in the face of growing threats. Additionally, the article examines issues related to cyber threats, attacks on critical systems, and methods for their prevention.

Mobile phones have become not only a means of communication, but also significant sources of information. Despite the development of encryption technologies and methods, it remains important to develop special and obtain new knowledge, search, develop and improve methods and approaches to the study of mobile devices. This study solves problems aimed at solving problems of optimizing the data analysis and processing system, as well as effective decision-making during the investigation of digital forensic experts based on artificial intelligence technologies and machine learning algorithms. In view of this, as well as in order to create new methods and algorithms, a deep and comprehensive analysis and review of the encryption methods of video recorder file systems for optimizing digital forensics research methods was carried out. The analysis and review of the video recorder file system made it possible to justify the choice and development of a methodology for detecting encryption and restoring video data from digital video recorders and mobile devices. The review defines the structure and mechanism of the file system. The conducted analysis and review are useful for forensic experts and digital forensics experts in analyzing digital evidence related to video surveillance. This analysis and review were the first stage in the implementation of a scientific project on digital forensics.

In traditional industrial settings, maintenance methods based on reactive repairs or scheduled time intervals often lead to downtime and reduced efficiency. Therefore, predictive maintenance uses data to predict failures before they actually occur. The objective of this study is to develop an intelligent predictive maintenance system based on machine learning and implement it in the industry of Kazakhstan, focusing on the principles of Industry 4.0. The system is based on collecting data from sensors (current, temperature, pressure, vibration) using Siemens PLCs, integrated via the OPC UA protocol into the industrial IoT infrastructure. Additionally, computer vision is used to monitor the equipment condition in real time. The obtained data is processed by machine learning algorithms, including neural networks, linear regression, and autoencoders. To adapt the model to changes, it is trained continuously using Bayesian updating. Visualization and interaction with users are implemented via SCADA for engineers and Power BI for managers. In addition, the paper discusses the challenges associated with the deployment of predictive maintenance solutions and suggests future directions for improving scalability, security, and real-time data processing capabilities. The obtained results contribute to the growing body of research in the field of predictive maintenance, demonstrating its potential to improve efficiency, reduce operating costs, and support the transition to datadriven, intelligent manufacturing systems. The work demonstrates the potential of predictive maintenance as a solution for aging industries with a shortage of engineering personnel and a step towards digitalization within the framework of Industry 4.0.

This article proposes a structural scheme of information flow management in the information and analytical decision support system (IADSS) for embryologists and reproductive medicine physicians based on artificial intelligence (AI), which was developed during research for a doctoral dissertation entitled "Information System for Diagnosing Pathologies in Reproductive Medicine". This system will optimize the work of physicians in reproductive centers and improve the efficiency of programs using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) by providing recommendations for implementing/adjusting protocols, automatic assessment of embryos according to the Gardner scale, and recommendations for selecting embryos taking into account genetic abnormalities. A literature review of works by authors who previously developed systems using AI in reproductive medicine was conducted. The review considered the methods and models used for various tasks, such as assessing embryo ploidy, determining the most viable embryo, assessing the implantation potential of the embryo, predicting the onset of pregnancy and live birth. A prototype of one of the modules of the IADSS for the analysis of embryonic images for the automated classification of the development stage of embryos based on their visual characteristics has been developed. In the future, it is planned to supplement other modules of the system, process large volumes of data and conduct testing in real clinical practice.

This article examines the role and importance of the spring element in a screw press to optimize the juice extraction process. The spring is an elastic component capable of storing and redistributing mechanical energy while maintaining consistent pressure. The study provides a detailed analysis of the geometric and force parameters of the spring (outer diameter, wire diameter, stiffness, working deformation, and stress). Based on standard formulas and GOST regulations, optimal spring characteristics were identified to ensure strength, dynamic stability (𝜐_{𝑚𝑎𝑥/}𝜐_𝑘 ratio), and operational reliability.

Proper selection of the spring’s structural features ensures even pressure distribution during pressing, enhancing juice yield and promoting complete raw material processing. Compliance with durability class and load conditions guarantees long-term and reliable operation of the equipment. The results contribute to the improvement of technological units and automation of processes in the domestic food industry. Moreover, this approach enables resource savings and enhances energy efficiency, which is a critical factor in modern production environments.

: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the two primary technologies for producing soft seamless gelatin capsules – droplet (coaxial) and spray-drying (spray-drying microencapsulation) methods – as applied to the needs of the food industry and nutraceuticals. The structural features of the equipment, key process parameters (capsule size and shape, shell composition, dosing accuracy, productivity), and application areas for each technology are described. Based on a review of technical documentation, scientific publications, and pharmacopeial standards (USP, EP), the advantages and limitations of both methods are identified: the droplet method provides high dosing accuracy and an aesthetically pleasing appearance of large spherical capsules with liquid cores, whereas spray-drying enables mass production of microcapsules for bulk food blends and maintains the stability of sensitive ingredients. Conclusions are drawn regarding the appropriateness of each method depending on the type of active ingredient, required production volume, and storage conditions. Potential future developments – such as new shell materials and gentler drying regimes – are also outlined.

This work is devoted to the study of the effect of the mass fraction of fat on the ultimate shear stress (USS) of minced meat during mechanical processing. Using the Structurometer ST-2 device, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical properties of minced meat was carried out at different concentrations of the fat component (from 0% to 50%). It was found that adding fat in the range of 20-33% helps to reduce the deformation resistance, improve the plasticity and homogeneity of the minced meat structure. This is due to the lubricating effect of fat inclusions and their uniform distribution in the protein matrix. With an increase in the fat content above 40%, the opposite effects are observed: an increase in ULS, deterioration in plasticity and structural instability due to the agglomeration of fat particles. The optimal range of fat content, contributing to the achievement of the desired textural and technological characteristics of meat products, was experimentally determined. The presented data are of practical importance for the meat industry, as they allow optimizing recipe compositions in order to reduce energy costs during mechanical processing, increase product homogeneity and improve organoleptic properties. The results can be used in the development of new types of sausages, semi-finished minced meat products and other products with a given texture.

Industrial meat grinders have copied their designs from meat grinders widely used in domestic and public catering establishments. Of course, they are the beginning of the technological chain of sausage preparation. To increase their productivity, the geometric dimensions of the working organs are increased. Meat grinders are the main machine for slicing meat. Its cutting mechanism consists of knife grilles and a cross-shaped knife. The front surface of the blade of this knife, located perpendicular to the cutting edge, is radially mounted on the cutting surface. The screw feeder of cutting mechanisms and conveyor mechanisms in the design of modern domestic and foreign meat grinders can rotate from a single drive mechanism or operate through a separate drive. The meat grinder consists of a parking lot, a body and a working cylinder. The inner surface of the working cylinder has a rotating wall and a finger screw and a knife device are installed inside it. The knife device consists of a rotating blade, a fixed grid, inner and outer rings. In addition, unlike other aluminum meat grinders, its material does not oxidize upon contact with food. Such meat grinders are made of high-strength cast iron and coated with food grade tin, which is undoubtedly its advantage over others, and also ensures the hygienic and environmental safety of human life and health, that is, tin remains durable during oxidation upon contact with food.

This article presents a genetic analysis of the species identification of the natural microflora composition of brown coal waste from the Lenger deposit in the Turkestan region and a PCR analysis of pure microorganism strains. Understanding the ecological significance of microorganisms in brown coal waste allows us to assess their impact on the environment, agriculture and energy production processes. It has been established that the microflora of brown coal waste includes cellulose-destroying and heterotrophic bacteria, micromycetes and actinomycetes. The main species composition was represented by micromycetes from the genera Mucorales, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Candida, and bacteria from the genera Bacillus, Rodococcus, Pseudomonas, as well as nitrogen-fixing bacteria. As a result of molecular genetic analysis to identify bacterial strains using the Sanger sequencing method, the following were identified: LB.1 strain – Priestia megaterium, LA.8 strain – Pseudomonas sp., LB.M2 strain – Aspergillus sydowii. This research allows to deeply understand the role of beneficial microorganisms in industrial wastes of brown coal in ecological processes, their significance in nature and in production. The obtained research results help to determine the way of effective use of microorganisms in brown coal waste to increase soil fertility or use for biotechnological purposes.

This article discusses various methods of extracting valuable components from grape pomace, a byproduct of winemaking. Special attention is given to the effectiveness of traditional and innovative extraction methods, including solvent extraction, as well as new technologies such as solid-liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction. For example, supercritical fluid extraction is a relatively new technique for extracting target analytes from solid matrices. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction is based on the phenomenon of cavitation, where pressure ultrasound waves propagate, and the transfer of extractants is enhanced by high shear forces. Pressurized Liquid Extraction involves using 100% water as the solvent. The research results confirm the high potential of using grape pomace as a raw material for obtaining functional products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The process of extracting bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, proteins, lignin, pectins, and oils, from food waste and by-products of winemaking is becoming an important alternative strategy. The most promising, efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly methods are supercritical extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction.

The paper presents a semi-smoked sausage product obtained by using protepsin enzyme to process low grade meat and adding buckwheat flour as a vegetable raw material. Different percentages of buckwheat flour were investigated in the experiment. Based on literature reviews, patent research and experimental data, the use of 6% buckwheat flour was found to be optimal. Laboratory studies of the finished product showed improvement in physicochemical and functional-technological characteristics.

The results of the study showed that in the experimental sample the protein content was 0.1% higher than in the control samples, and the fat content was 2,15% lower. It was found that the mass fraction of amino acids in the experimental sample increased by 2,36%. The enzyme protepsin effectively breaks down the connective tissue of meat, softening the structure of the product and improving its quality. The nutritional and energy value of the experimental sample was reduced by 19 kcal due to the addition of buckwheat flour, which indicates the low calorie and lightness of the product.

Based on the conducted research it was found that the use of proteolytic enzyme and buckwheat flour improves the functional and nutritional characteristics of semi-smoked sausages, improves their structure and shelf life. This technology allows to reduce the cost of production, making it more affordable.

This article presents the results of an analysis of the chemical composition, moisture-binding capacity and pH of the cervical, dorsal and pelvic parts of beef and horse meat of the 2nd grade. According to the analysis results, the protein and water content in the back of horse meat (protein – 22.8%, water – 62.2%) is high, and fat-low (13.5%). And the cervical region has a high content of fat and collagen (fat – 20.3%, collagen – 2.8%). While beef has a higher level of protein and water in the neck (protein – 19.4%, water – 65.6%) and collagen (4.4%), the fat content in the thigh (21.2%) is also lower in the neck, approximately 11.7%. the pH content was indicated in the amount of 5.8 in beef, and in Horsemeat – in the amount of 5.9. Moisture binding ability was observed in horsemeat in the dorsal part – 38.6%, in the cervical part – 46.9%, in the pelvic part – 48.6%, and in beef approximately in the dorsal part – 20%, in the cervical part – 61.9%, in the pelvic area – 52.2%. The results obtained are used as primary results for the processing and production of meat products.

Gammarus sp. is a promising resource for aquaculture due to its high protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content, along with its environmental purity. This study compared the biochemical composition of gammarus collected from five water bodies in Northern and Eastern Kazakhstan to evaluate its nutritional value and potential for feed industry applications. Protein content in the samples ranged from 40.96% to 50.3%, lipids from 6.57% to 9.20%, and carbohydrates from 13.74% to 21.69%. On average, gammarus had an energy value of 324 kcal/1355 kJ per 100 g of dry weight. In modern aquaculture, finding sustainable and cost-effective protein sources for high-quality feeds is critical. Gammarus is distinguished by its unique composition, which contains rare amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that are either absent or present in trace amounts in fishmeal. Biochemical analysis determined the content of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture using standard laboratory methods, with energy values calculated based on macronutrient composition. Overall, gammarus proves to be a valuable and sustainable resource for enhancing feed quality in aquaculture, promoting more efficient and eco-friendly feed production.

Although processed goat meat products are less popular than horse meat, beef, or poultry, and are often perceived as secondary, they play an important role in global meat consumption. This article presents a brief overview of goat population and the state of goat meat processing in Kazakhstan. It also summarizes recent studies focused on goat meat processing, with emphasis on physicochemical characteristics, sensory quality, microbiological indicators, and safety concerns. The article discusses key findings and promising directions for the development of production, processing, and commercialization of goat meat products. Opportunities for diversifying the product range and increasing market appeal are highlighted. Processing meat from culled animals represents a promising approach to utilizing raw materials with low market value. Some types of products, such as fermented sausages, smoked legs, and pâtés, possess high commercial potential and good consumer acceptability. One of the promising areas of research in the food industry is the development of a new generation of goat meat products as functional foods that meet the ongoing innovation demands of the meat sector. Issues related to ensuring food safety remain relevant and require special attention in future scientific and technological developments.

This article is devoted to the study of the integration of Kazakh national cuisine into the school menu to improve students' nutrition and preserve cultural traditions. A survey conducted among parents and students in Kazakhstan, covering 200 respondents in 15 regions and 3 cities of national significance, identified preferences and expectations regarding school meals. Data analysis showed that 64% of students and 69% of parents support the inclusion of national dishes in the school menu. However, 50% of students noted a lack of time for lunch, and 58% regularly purchase buffet products, indicating the need for reform in meal organization. The study demonstrated that parents prefer a diverse menu, including traditional dishes such as beshbarmak and manti, while students tend to choose familiar and simple meals. The article examines successful international practices in Japan, South Korea, and Italy, where the introduction of national cuisine has improved children's diets and contributed to cultural education. As a result, recommendations are provided for developing new menu standards, increasing lunch time, and implementing educational programs aimed at promoting healthy eating.

In this work, a comparative study was carried out with the aim of using pea, chickpea and lentil flour in the production of confectionery products. The chemical composition, organoleptic properties, amino acid and mineral composition of these types of flour were studied. In terms of the chemical composition of cereals and legumes, rich in protein, beans – 22,1+0,5%, lentils – 25,3+0,2%, chickpeas – 23,5+0,1% were equal. Pea flour is rich in protein and starch, which makes it a good source of energy. It contains a moderate amount of fat. The protein content in pea flour is 22 g/100 g. chickpea flour has a high proportion of fat, which makes it more caloric. It has a moderate carbohydrate content, which is a good source of protein. Lentil flour has the highest protein content among the types presented, the protein indicator in lentil flour is 26 g/100 g, and is also rich in carbohydrates, which makes it a type of nutritious flour.The results showed that all three types of flour have high nutritional value, contain a significant amount of proteins, essential amino acids and minerals. Lentil flour contains a large amount of iron and calcium, which makes it useful for strengthening the bone system. Chickpea flour is rich in magnesium and fat, which affects the structure of the dough and the nutritional value of the finished product. Pea flour has a balanced composition and can be used to enrich products with protein and dietary fiber. Beans, chickpeas and lentil flour contain a significant amount of protein, which makes them promising ingredients for enriching various dishes, including confectionery. In addition, the protein of legumes is distinguished by good digestibility and a balanced amino acid composition, which increases its biological value.

The results confirm the prospect of using these types of flour as Composite additives to create confectionery products with improved organoleptic and functional properties.

Kazakhstan is implementing government initiatives aimed at reducing dependence on imports and developing domestic feed production. In modern realities, it is extremely important to use effective methods of feed conservation that guarantee minimal loss of nutrients, as well as optimal profitability and labor organization. Assessment of microbiological safety and toxicity of feed additives during storage is a mandatory procedure, since infection with spore – forming bacteria and mold leads to significant degradation of nutritional value and product quality. As part of this study, poultry feed was analyzed one, four, and six months after the start of storage. The increase in the number of microorganisms in feed during long-term storage is explained by the presence of spores in them. Under suitable conditions, these spores germinate, forming vegetative cells, which then actively multiply and function. In addition, there is a risk of spores formed by various microorganisms entering the product from the environment – air, dust and moisture. The research methods used in the project comply with generally accepted standards. Both experimental and experimental samples were used in the work. After packing the experimental samples in various types of containers, they were processed using an IL-10 electron accelerator. Paper bags, bag bags and vacuum-polyethylene packaging were used as packaging materials. Mycotoxin content was monitored during the entire storage period – 1, 4 and 6 months. The data obtained indicate that after six months of storage, mycotoxins were detected in feed packed in paper bags and not treated with IL-10, as well as a decrease in other quality indicators. Studies have shown that maximum microbiological protection is achieved when stored in an airtight polypropylene container, which ensures the safety of feed for six months.

The growing consumer demand for functional food products is stimulating the development of dairy snacks with improved biological and nutritional properties. Snacks represent a dynamically developing segment of the food industry, adapting to changing consumer preferences. In recent years, dairy products have become an integral part of the snack market, especially among children and adults who follow a healthy lifestyle. This review examines modern advances in the production of dairy snacks, including new formats such as crunchy cheese, functional milk drinks and frozen desserts. Taking into account the popularity of snacks and consumers' desire for a nutritious, healthy diet, changes in the structure of the snack product range should be aimed at creating snacks of high nutritional and biological value. Our task is to create an innovative product with well-known organoleptic, but modified biological properties. To date, snacks based on fruit or corn raw materials (chips) are produced that meet the requirements of a healthy diet, however, such products from dairy raw materials are not represented on the market. With the rapid growth of the global snack market, which is projected to reach US$ 152.2 billion by 2030, the development of innovative dairy snacks is a promising area that meets modern consumer requirements. Research was conducted in the form of a consumer survey in 2023-2024 in 22 cities of Kazakhstan. The survey showed that there is a growing trend in consumer interest in proven and guaranteed useful products. The importance of the following factors when choosing a snack was highlighted: high in fiber – by 4% or 1.43 times; rich in vitamins – by 4% or 1.22 times; supporting intestinal health – by 4% or 1.25 times; from whole, natural ingredients, organic – by 4% or 1.18 times; low in sugar, carbohydrates, fats, etc. – by 3% or 1.15 times; high in sugar, carbohydrates, fats, etc. – by 2% or 1.36 times. Thus, the development of new types of snacks, such as dairy and protein snacks, is a convenient solution for modern residents of megacities who lead an active lifestyle.

This article presents scientific research on the influence of herbal components on the nutritional value of sausages. Currently, the creation of new generation food products is of particular relevance, which is associated with insufficient provision of the population with vital nutrients.

In the course of scientific research analyzed the current state of the poultry market, in particular the production of turkey meat in Kazakhstan, and substantiated the feasibility of the choice of using turkey meat and vegetable raw materials in the production of combined cooked sausages.

Recipe and technology of production of cooked sausage of 1 grade with the use of vegetable additive is developed. Herbal components help improve functional and technological properties; they are used as inexpensive substitutes for lean meat to enrich and increase the nutritional and biological value of finished products.

To produce a combined meat and vegetable product, mathematical modeling, physical-chemical, structural-mechanical, organoleptic and other scientific research were envisaged.

The use of plant additives and turkey meat in certain proportions in the production of first-grade cooked sausage will enrich the finished product with dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and essential antioxidants that improve digestion, the cardiovascular system, etc.

Camel milk and shubat – a fermented product made from camel milk – are traditionally consumed in countries of Central Asia, Africa, and the Middle East due to their beneficial properties, including improved metabolism and immune system support. However, the microbiological safety of these products remains a significant concern, especially when consumed in raw form. This study aims to assess the microbiological safety of camel milk and shubat collected in different seasons. Four samples were analyzed using microbiological methods such as CompactDry, Palcam, and Baird-Parker media to detect pathogenic microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Most samples showed no presence of pathogens, indicating good sanitary conditions. However, Listeria monocytogenes was detected in one shubat sample collected in September, indicating a potential health risk for consumers. These findings emphasize the need for regular microbiological monitoring, pasteurization, and adherence to sanitary standards during the production and storage of these products. Ensuring the microbiological safety of camel milk and shubat is crucial for public health, particularly for vulnerable groups.

This review focuses on a comparative assessment of meat maturation methods, different types of muscles, types of meat, and key parameters such as aging (days of exposure, temperature, relative humidity, and air flow), nutritional qualities (taste, tenderness, and juiciness), and microbiological quality associated with the maturation process. Dry maturation of meat is a process in which a product is aged under specially controlled conditions for several weeks. The method significantly improves the taste and texture of meat due to the enzymatic breakdown of proteins and fats. To achieve optimal results, it is important to ensure proper conditions, including humidity control and oxygen access. Modern packaging materials with moisture and oxygen permeability open up new opportunities for meat production. They allow you to effectively regulate the microclimate inside the package, creating favorable conditions for high-quality maturation. Moisture released from the meat accumulates inside the package, preventing it from drying out and preserving the desired texture. The oxygen permeability of materials helps to avoid anaerobic processes that can lead to product spoilage. The use of such technologies not only increases the efficiency of meat stabilization, but also increases shelf life, ensuring stable quality and minimizing losses. Manufacturers achieve greater consistency during the maturation process and improve the organoleptic properties of their products.

The production of cheese from camel milk represents a significant sector within the food industry, particularly in regions where camel breeding has been extensively developed. A distinctive chemical composition is exhibited by camel milk. These properties render it a valuable raw material for the development of functional foods, including cheeses with increased biological value. The curdling process inherent to the production of camel milk necessitates a multifaceted approach, one which is informed by the distinctive characteristics of this raw material. Achieving optimal curdling conditions necessitates the judicious modulation of critical factors such as temperature, enzyme activity, pH level, and the utilisation of a suitable starter culture. This paper explores the impact of various factors on camel milk curdling. It was observed that a reduction in active acidity (pH) to 5.8-5.6 units resulted in a significant decrease in coagulation time to 35-40 minutes, accompanied by a favourable trend in the textural indices of the clots during gelation. The findings indicate that a clotting temperature of 35 °C is optimal for the fermentation process, and the increase in calcium chloride concentration also has a significant impact on reducing clotting time. Furthermore, the results of this study demonstrated that heat treatment significantly influenced the firmness of the clots. The coagulation of raw milk exhibited a firmness of 250.08±10.3 g, while at 63-65°C, it reduced to 177.5±6.08 g, at 72-74°C, it decreased to 90.35±15.73 g, and at 80-85°C, pasteurisation of milk resulted in the lowest hardness of 55.45 ± 2.58 g. The cheese yield varied from 20.90 to 10.34 depending on heat treatment.

Cheese is a food product with a high protein content, obtained as a result of milk coagulation and its improvement. There are enough ways to add various vegetable additives to give the cheese an additional taste and aroma. The proposed article explores the possibility of increasing their nutritional and biological value by enriching soft salty cheese with vegetable raw materials. The addition of natural ingredients such as parsley powder and walnuts significantly increases the vitamin C and dietary fiber content of salty soft cheese. The study showed that in sample № 3, the vitamin C content in cheese with parsley and walnuts increased 6-fold, and dietary fiber increased to 0,86 g. These changes make it possible to improve the beneficial properties of dairy products.

The finished products met all the requirements for organoleptic characteristics and showed high quality. This research has proposed an effective approach to introducing functional properties into dairy products and opens the door to the application of new technological methods in the dairy industry. Enriching the composition of dairy products can enhance health benefits and offer new opportunities to meet people's nutritional needs.

In the modern world, great importance is attached to healthy and safe nutrition. With increasing awareness of health and well-being, consumers are increasingly paying attention to the composition of products, their nutritional value and their effect on the body. In the context of mass production of food, there is a need to develop high-quality and safe ingredients that contribute to improving health. Bread and bakery products are important components of the diet of many peoples. Their diversity, taste and nutritional value make them an integral part of culture and traditions. Bakery products are an important part of the diet, provide our body with building materials for growth and development, as well as energy. Currently, in order to expand the range and improve the consumer qualities of bread, work is actively underway to develop technologies and improve recipes. But the issue of optimizing and selecting the recipe and technology for the production of gluten-free bread remains relevant. Gluten-free bread is becoming increasingly popular among people who are gluten intolerant or who choose a gluten-free diet. To achieve the desired texture and taste, a combination of various gluten-free flours is often used in the production of gluten-free bread. In this article, we will look at the use of flaxseed and rice flour and psyllium, their properties and advantages in the production of gluten-free bread.

This article discusses the development of marmalade with the addition of beetroot and carrot powders. Vegetable powders were obtained by air-convective drying at a temperature of 60 ° C, followed by grinding in a Novital mill. The analysis of the physico-chemical properties of the obtained powders, including the mass fraction of moisture, the content of solids and pectin compounds, was carried out.

The effect of beetroot and carrot powders on the main quality indicators of marmalade products, such as the mass fraction of moisture, acidity, content of pectin substances and durability of products, has been studied. It has been established that the introduction of vegetable powders improves the textural and organoleptic characteristics, as well as increases the functional value of marmalade due to the content of natural antioxidants, dietary fiber and natural dyes.

An organoleptic analysis was performed, including an assessment of the color, taste, smell and consistency of the finished marmalade. The results of the study showed that the addition of vegetable powders improves the natural coloring of products, gives them a pleasant taste and aroma, and also has a positive effect on the texture of the product.

Thus, the use of vegetable powders in the formulation of marmalade makes it possible to create a functional confectionery product with improved nutritional properties, which makes it promising for production and in demand among consumers focused on healthy nutrition.

The article discusses the process of developing a new food product – a multicomponent mixture – and the methods used to determine its nutritional value. In order to create a high-quality product, mathematical calculations were carried out to balance the product’s composition in terms of proteins and essential amino acids, in accordance with the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Through computer modeling, the amino acid composition of the product was repeatedly tested, and a forecast of its actual composition was made. The multicomponent mixture includes various types of grains: rice (35%), buckwheat (20%), oats (20%), and corn (25%). These grains are characterized by their high nutritional and biological value. The article highlights the special attention given to the quality and compatibility of ingredients in the development of this new product. The research results show that the obtained mixture has a balanced nutritional value and can be used as a health-promoting food product. The findings confirm that the multicomponent mixture is enriched with proteins, vitamins, and minerals, significantly increasing its nutritional value. The research shows that the mixture’s composition fully meets the body's essential nutrient requirements, making it promising for widespread use in the food industry.

The article discusses the prospects for the use of safflower and linseed oils in the production of functional butter cookies. After extraction, an analysis of the fatty acid composition of these oils was carried out, which made it possible to assess their nutritional value and possible effect on the human body. Safflower oil is dominated by fatty acids of Group 18, in addition, the proportion of fatty acid of Group 16 is large, the content of the remaining fatty acids is 1,2%. Linseed oil is dominated by oleic (C18: 1), linoleic (C18: 2), linolenic (C18: 3) fatty acids, including it has been proven to have the greatest specific gravity of linolene, which belongs to ω-3 fatty acids. The technology and recipe for butter cookies with the addition of safflower oil and linseed oil have been developed. A comparative analysis of the physico-chemical properties of samples of cookies prepared with traditional and alternative oil components was carried out. Oil cooked with safflower and linseed oil according to the physico-chemical indicators of cookie samples, the use of safflower and linseed oil as part of the cookie recipe reduces the degree of hydration. The alkalinity of the study version was 0,61 deg, humidity – 8%, degree of hydration – 105%, mass fraction of fat – 24,7%. The effect of injected oils on the structure, taste, color and smell of the finished product was studied. The addition of these oils has been found to help improve the texture and increase the nutritional value of butter cookies. Using the gas chromotography method, it was found that the fatty acids of butter cookies contain a significant amount of mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids (55%). Among them, the specific weight of oleic (C18: 1), linoleic (C18: 2), linolenic (C18: 3) fatty acids belonging to the types of omega – 3 and omega – 6 was higher. The results prove the possibility of using safflower and linseed oils in the technology for the production of functional butter cookies. The use of these fats is enriched with useful lipids and opens up new prospects in the development of functional confectionery products for a healthy diet.

This paper presents the results of a research work on the total chemical composition, fatty acid composition and average size and weight of maikan fish belonging to the salmonid family of fishes. In addition, the contributions of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids to fatty acidity were studied. To determine the chemical composition, energy value and fatty acid composition with measurement of weight and length, width and diametral dimensions of five different species of maikan fish caught in Lake Markakol were carried out in the testing laboratory of ‘Nutritest’ LLP. The average weight of the studied fish samples was – 1050 g, length – 40.4 cm, diameter – 24.6 cm.

The results of the research showed that the protein content of Maikan fish ranges from 18-22%, and the proportion of fat is 6-8%, which distinguishes it as a product with high nutritional value in the production of preserves. In addition, the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, the most beneficial for the human body, was 50.503%, and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids-14.952±1.5%. The high content of monounsaturated fatty acids in oily fish indicates its nutritional and biological value. These fatty acids are believed to increase the level of ‘good’ cholesterol (HDL) in the body, reducing the level of ‘bad’ cholesterol (LDL), helping to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

The article discusses the possibility of using fruit and berry fillers in the production of fermented milk products. To increase the nutritional value and functional properties of yoghurts, various fillers and additives are introduced into their composition, especially those that enhance their therapeutic and prophylactic effect. The use of food additives and fillers rich in dietary fiber, which are pectins, microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable gums, vegetable and fruit and berry additives, allows you to give yoghurts additional functional properties. The purpose of the research was to study the features of using domestic natural fruit and berry fillers for the production of yoghurts and curd products. To assess the effective use of fillers, the nutritional value and chemical properties, stability of color, taste and consistency of the dairy product were studied. Organoleptic indicators, physicochemical indicators and energy value of yoghurt with fruit and berry fillers were studied. The developed yogurt with fruit and berry filling is characterized by reduced energy value (77.3 kcal), good organoleptic indicators, which is explained by the introduction of a plant component.

This study aimed to develop and optimize edible antimicrobial films using electron beam-irradiated starches and biopolymer additives. Rice starch (“Marzhan” variety) and cassava starch (“Cassava 531” variety) were physically modified via irradiation at doses of 0, 3, 6, and 9 kGy using an ILU-10 accelerator. Film-forming solutions were prepared by blending starch, chitosan, and glycerol, followed by casting and drying. One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) screening was conducted to evaluate the effects of starch content, gelatinization time, glycerol, and chitosan on film properties including tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability (WVP), and transparency.

A Box–Behnken Design (BBD) based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for multi-factor optimization. The regression model for transparency (%) revealed that starch and chitosan contents had positive linear effects but exhibited diminishing returns due to significant negative quadratic terms. Gelatinization time and glycerol content showed negative linear effects on transparency, while several interaction terms also influenced the response.

Although the model demonstrated modest statistical significance (R² = 35.05%), it highlighted complex factor interdependencies and provided direction for optimal formulation. The findings support the potential of irradiated starch in functional biodegradable films and offer a foundation for future development of sustainable packaging materials with improved physical and barrier properties.

This study showed that adding beetroot and banana to oat milk can boost its nutritional value and antioxidant activity. Betalains in beetroot and phenolic compounds in banana improved the antioxidant properties of milk. As a result of the study, it was found that the protein and carbohydrate content in oat milk increased, as well as the shelf life increased to 4 days. The organoleptic properties of the product were studied and its color, consistency and odor were positively evaluated. In addition, the vitamin composition and overall chemical composition were analyzed, and it was found that oat milk is rich in vitamins B and C, as well as minerals. Based on the data obtained, it has been proven that oat milk with beetroot and banana can be used as a healthy functional drink. This technology contributes to the development of new directions for the creation of functional products in the food industry. In conclusion, it was found that adding beetroot and bananas to oat milk has a huge impact on health. These supplements can enhance the antioxidant activity of milk and significantly enhance its nutritional value. This research has also paved the way for the proposal of new technological methods that can extend the shelf life of oat milk. In the future, due to the widespread use of this method, new opportunities may arise in the field of oat milk production.

This article is devoted to the study of the impact of macro- and microelement concentrations on citric acid biosynthesis using the mutant strain Aspergillus niger R5/4 under submerged fermentation conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted by varying the levels of NH₄NO₃, KH₂PO₄, MgSO₄·7H₂O, ZnSO₄·7H₂O, FeSO₄·7H₂O, and CuSO₄·5H₂O in the nutrient medium. It was found that a balanced ratio of these elements has a significant effect on the fungal metabolism and morphology, as well as on citric acid productivity. The maximum citric acid yield (69.18 g/L) was achieved after 168 hours of incubation at 30°C and pH 5.0 with the following concentrations: NH₄NO₃ – 3 g/L, KH₂PO₄ – 2 g/L, MgSO₄·7H₂O – 0.3 g/L, ZnSO₄·7H₂O – 1 mg/L, FeSO₄·7H₂O – 12 mg/L, CuSO₄·5H₂O – 70 mg/L. High productivity was associated with the formation of compact mycelial pellets with diameters less than 0.5 mm. Exceeding threshold concentrations of certain microelements, particularly zinc and iron, led to decreased citric acid output, likely due to toxic effects and disruption of physiological processes. The results obtained may be used to optimize nutrient media composition in the context of industrial-scale citric acid production through biotechnological methods.

At present, the development and production of fruit and berry-based desserts enriched with plantderived nutrients and natural antioxidants is one of the most pressing and promising directions in the food industry. However, in the current context of the Republic of Kazakhstan, this area has not received sufficient attention, mainly due to the lack of innovative technologies in the production sector.

The aim of this study is to develop a formulation and an efficient production technology for a functional fruit and berry confiture based on plant ingredients. During the experimental phase, five different combinations of fruits, vegetables, and berries in various ratios were studied for the preparation of a dessert in the form of confiture. These variants differed in their composition and proportions of plant-based raw materials.

The resulting samples were evaluated for their organoleptic properties and mineral composition. According to the results, the developed fruit and berry "confiture" desserts demonstrated high quality in terms of taste characteristics and mineral content. In particular, samples № 1, № 2, № 4, and № 5 showed superior flavor qualities and were rich in essential minerals such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus.

Compared to sample № 3 (which received a score of 3.25), the other samples received higher organoleptic scores (ranging from 4.75 to 5.0) and showed a significantly greater content of physiologically important minerals. This confirms their potential for expanding the range of functional food products.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the inclusion of melon juice in the product formulation, which allowed for a reduction in sugar content while simultaneously enhancing the functional properties of the dessert. The developed technological approach ensures the preservation of natural bioactive compounds, promotes the efficient use of domestic plant-based raw materials, and enables the expansion of the functional food product range.

Corn starch, potato starch, tapioca starch, and wheat starch were used as raw materials to prepare edible films. Through optimization of the composite ratio and the addition of cross-linking agents, the water vapor permeability (WVP) of the edible films was significantly reduced. The moisture absorption behavior of films made from different starch types and their blends was tested under five different relative humidity (RH) levels: 35%, 55%, 75%, and 95%. The optimized films were further evaluated for tensile strength, elongation at break, mechanical properties, and barrier performance [1].

Among the tested starches, corn and potato starch improved the tensile strength and flexibility of the films, while tapioca starch significantly enhanced elongation and softness. When citric acid was added at 25%, films based on corn and potato starch exhibited the lowest WVP. When the content of multivalent salts reached 40%, films based on wheat starch showed the best tensile performance. Tapioca starch films demonstrated the greatest elongation. When rubber gum was used as an additive, the elongation of the edible film increased remarkably, reaching 100% extensibility [2].

The study is devoted to a detailed analysis of the effect of the voltage level used in the microarc oxidation process on the tribocorrosive properties of calcium phosphate coatings formed on titanium substrates. The paper considers various voltage values (100 V, 200 V, 300 V), which were used to create coatings with unique morphological, structural and physicochemical characteristics. These features, in turn, have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the coatings, their wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The research methodology includes profilometry for detailed analysis of surface texture, microhardness measurement for evaluation of mechanical properties, tribological tests for wear resistance, and potentiodynamic studies in saline solution to evaluate the level of corrosion resistance of coatings. The obtained results will provide an opportunity to better understand the mechanisms of influence of microarc oxidation parameters on the formation of calcium phosphate coatings and their performance characteristics. This, in turn, will be useful for the development of new materials with improved functional properties that can find wide application in the biomedical field, including the production of implants, as well as in industry where high corrosion resistance of coatings is required.

Satellite communication is a critical component of global connectivity, enabling data transmission across vast distances for applications such as telecommunications, navigation, and broadcasting. However, signal degradation due to atmospheric interference, scattering, and attenuation presents a significant challenge to maintaining reliable communication. This study explores the role of quantum entanglement in mitigating signal loss and improving encryption in satellite communication systems. By leveraging quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum error correction techniques, secure and efficient data transmission can be achieved. Various strategies, including adaptive beamforming, higher frequency bands, satellite relays, and real-time atmospheric monitoring, are examined to enhance communication reliability. The integration of quantum communication with advanced signal processing techniques demonstrates potential improvements in data integrity, reduced latency, and enhanced security. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of deploying higher frequency bands and optimizing transmission through real-time atmospheric monitoring to counteract signal attenuation. The findings highlight the transformative potential of quantum technology in modern satellite networks, offering a pathway to the next generation of secure and efficient communication. While challenges such as atmospheric disturbances and technical complexities remain, continued advancements in quantum technologies and real-time optimization strategies hold promise for overcoming these obstacles. Future research should focus on refining quantum protocols and addressing implementation challenges to fully realize the benefits of quantum entanglement in satellite communication systems.

The equipment of the polygon for the study of heat transfer in natural coatings was developed. A flow line for coating application was created. Quartzites, granites and teshenites were chosen as natural materials. A thermal tool with detonation jet was created and the technology of powder production by crushing in a closed volume was developed. The burner has an automatic device for controlling the mode of operation. Powders were prepared in molds made of elliptical surfaces with different eccentricity. The technology increases the powder yield of (0÷2)×10-3 m class and increases the degree of powder hardening. The automatic device sets the optimal distance to the coating, forms the optimal spot of the jet spreading. The technology provides for water ejection onto the coating. The transverse velocity of the ignition area of the spin detonation plume is determined from the inclination to the spiral trace. There is stabilization of combustion due to braking on the coating. Studies using holographic interferometry have shown that it is useful in predicting coating failure. The coatings with three heat sources is a screen that absorbs the heat tool torch waves. The coating provides erosion resistance. Spin detonation torch due to partial melting of coating particles significantly reduces particle fracture at coating interfaces.

This article discusses the problem of reducing the energy efficiency of the fuel supply system at thermal power plants (CHP), associated with the use of coal of various brands and technological wear of equipment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the CHPP-1 fuel supply system in Semey, followed by the determination of heat losses and calculation of its efficiency depending on the type of coal used. The CHPP-1 in Semey was chosen as the object of the study, where the urgent task was the need to switch from project Kuznetsk coal to local coal from the Karazhyr mine. The article describes the technological scheme of fuel supply, gives the characteristics of the coals used, including a thermal calculation, including an assessment of losses at various stages, such as fuel quality, conditions of its storage and transportation, affecting the reliability of the system. The results showed that the use of Kuznetsk coal makes it possible to achieve a higher system efficiency (97.2%) compared to Karazhyrinsky coal (94.8%) due to its better fuel characteristics. Scientific value: Based on the analysis, the directions for improving the efficiency of existing systems are proposed. Practical value: The results can be used in the modernization of similar energy facilities.

This study analyzes the transition of the E-90-3.9/440 steam boiler at CHP-1 in Semey city to natural gas combustion in order to improve energy efficiency and minimize environmental impact. A review of global and national energy trends confirms the importance of moving away from traditional coal in favor of cleaner alternatives. It has been proven that the use of natural gas as a primary energy source significantly reduces harmful emissions into the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur compounds, while also increasing the boiler equipment's thermal efficiency.

The study presents calculation data obtained using the reverse heat balance method, which allowed for determining heat losses, thermal output, and the boiler's efficiency under various fuel consumption conditions. Based on the mathematical analysis of experimental data, linear relationships were identified between natural gas consumption, heat output, and boiler efficiency. It was found that with an increase in gas flow, there is a steady rise in thermal power and efficiency, indicating high performance and reliability of the boiler when operating on gaseous fuel. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of switching boiler equipment to natural gas in terms of both energy efficiency and environmental safety.

This paper presents an overview of studies aimed at obtaining tungsten carbide alloys with preliminary mechanical activation (MA). MA is widely used in the field of materials science and is aimed at changing the physical and mechanical properties of materials in order to increase the activity of their reaction during research. In this regard, the main attention in this article is focused on the study of the effect of mechanical activation on tungsten carbide (WC) mixtures. WC-based hard alloys are used in various industrial conditions due to their excellent mechanical properties and outstanding wear resistance in combination with high strength and heat resistance, moreover, more than half of the production of WC-based hard alloys is associated with the manufacture of cutting tools. The article also presents complex types of mechanical activation used in various studies. And also considered the effect of the types of mechanical activation of mixtures on the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained alloys. An analysis of the optimal conditions for powder consolidation by spark-plasma sintering (SPS) is carried out, which allows achieving high density and strength of materials.

This work presents the results of experimental investigation of the thermophysical properties of Al₂O₃– EG:water nanofluid for its application in geothermal heat pumps. The experiment was conducted at temperatures ranging from 0 to 10 °C and nanoparticle concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 vol.%. The results showed that at 1% concentration, thermal conductivity increased by 8.2%, at 3% – by 17.4%, and at 5% – by 27%, compared to the base EG:water (60:40) solution. However, at 5% concentration, viscosity increased by 45%, leading to higher hydrodynamic losses. The optimal concentration of 3% increases thermal conductivity by 17.4% while raising viscosity by only 21%, providing a balance between heat transfer efficiency and pumping costs. The calculated performance evaluation criterion (PEC) confirms that the best balance is achieved at 3% Al₂O₃, where PEC = 1.23. Further research should investigate the impact of nanoparticles on corrosion, long-term stability, and interaction with system components. The obtained results may contribute to the development of more efficient heat transfer fluids for geothermal heating and reduction of energy consumption in heat pumps.

The article examines the physicomechanical properties of rubber designed for hydraulic seals, considering the influence of additives such as the organic part of oil sludge and zeolite. The conducted research showed that these characteristics align with the parameters defining the spatial structure of the studied vulcanizates. It was established that increasing the content of the organic part of oil sludge (3-6 parts by weight) and zeolite (10-20 parts by weight) positively impacts the elongation at break, which is attributed to the modification of the rubber's structure. The most optimal physicomechanical properties of rubber were obtained when introducing 6.0 parts by weight of the organic part of oil sludge and 20.0 parts by weight of zeolite per 100 parts by weight of rubber.

Additionally, the influence of temperature-time vulcanization parameters on the structure of vulcanizateswas studied. It was found that changing these parameters allows for controlling the primary elasticstrength properties of rubber. The slight decrease in strength characteristics with an increase in the organic part of oil sludge is explained by the plasticizing effect of low-molecular compounds, which penetrate between the macromolecules of rubber, weakening intermolecular bonds, as well as active interaction between the elastomer and zeolites.

The results of the study demonstrate the possibility of partially or fully replacing traditional plasticizers in rubber compounds with the organic part of oil sludge. Using zeolite as a filler not only improves rubber properties but also contributes to a more effective solution to ecological problems associated with the disposal of oil production and refining waste. Thus, the proposed approaches create a basis for environmentally safe and economically efficient waste utilization, relevant to enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

This article explores the potential of using recycled materials for modifying bituminous binders within the framework of the circular economy concept. Polymer waste and crumb rubber were used for bitumen modification. The conducted research demonstrated that these additives enhance the thermal stability, flexibility, and oxidation resistance of bitumen. Furthermore, it was found that the performance characteristics of modified bitumen significantly improve: the brittle fracture temperature decreases, while the softening temperature increases. The optimal concentrations of modifiers were determined, and their effect on the bitumen structure was studied. As a result of the study, the BND 60/90 («POCR» LLP) + 6% FPMB mixture showed the best results in terms of thermal stability and hardness after oxidation, making it suitable for use in high-performance road pavements. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of integrating recycled materials into road construction, highlighting their environmental and economic benefits. In line with the principles of the circular economy, the use of recycled polymers promotes the rational consumption of natural resources, waste reduction, and environmental sustainability. Such innovative approaches in road construction enable the creation of durable and long-lasting pavements. Moreover, this study proposes innovative methods for bitumen modification, contributing to the improvement of construction material quality and durability. Thus, the use of recycled materials helps enhance the strength of road pavements, minimize environmental impact, and achieve sustainable development goals.

A study of the cytotoxicity of nanocomposite coatings formed by microarc oxidation with the addition of nanoparticles was conducted. To assess the toxicity of the coatings, the in vitro MTT test with the HOS cell line was used. Two types of coatings with different nanoparticle concentrations were studied: 0.5% and 1%. The analysis showed that the coating with a lower nanoparticle concentration met international biocompatibility standards, while an increase in the nanoparticle content to 1% led to a significant increase in cytotoxicity. It was experimentally established that at a high concentration of nanoparticles in the coatings, changes in the acidity of the medium and sediment formation are observed, which may indicate their chemical instability under physiological conditions. Statistically significant differences in the cytotoxicity level between the studied groups were revealed, which confirms the need to optimize the composition of coatings for medical implants. The study results confirm that nanocomposite coatings with an optimized nanoparticle content may be promising for use in medical devices, but require further validation in vivo. A correlation was established between the concentration of nanoparticles and a change in surface morphology, which may affect cell adhesion. The obtained data highlight the importance of developing safe coatings for biomedical applications.

This research presents a synthesis, growth-regulating activity of ionic carboxylic acid derivatives containing trimecaine moiety. The novel ionic substances were synthesized by N-alkylation of trimecaine with iodine-containing carboxylic acids under ultrasound-assisted and microwave irradiation, with results compared to traditional thermal methods. Alternative synthesis methods have shown higher yields in a shorter time than traditional synthesis methods. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their effects on germination energy and capacity across various varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum seeds. Notably, promising results were observed in seeds stored for extended periods, where germination activity typically declines. The synthesized ionic compounds outperformed the control in terms of germination energy and capacity across various sorghum seed varieties and hybrids. Furthermore, diluted ionic compound solutions (10-3 wt. %) were more effective in promoting seed growth than more concentrated solutions (10-2 wt. %) and water. Additionally, certain ionic compounds provided better stimulation for specific sorghum seed types compared to the commercially available trimecaine hydrochloride.

The development of domestic rubber adhesion promoters based on mineral raw materials is a pressing task. The formation of a bond with high and stable strength in the elastomer-metal system always remains the focus of attention when creating new formulations and new ingredients. The introduction of nickel salts into the rubber mixture significantly increases the stability of the bond strength in the rubber-metal cord system under the influence of moisture, elevated temperature and sodium chloride, since in their presence the formation of weak boundary layers of ZnO/Zn(OH)₂ is delayed.

Interest in zeolites as fillers and adhesion promoters is caused by their ability not only to reduce costs, but also to impart qualitatively new useful properties to materials and products, and the ability to set or adjust these properties. The properties of any mineral raw material can be adjusted through modification. Thermal and chemical treatment of zeolites with solutions of acids, alkalis and salts allows modifying zeolites and purposefully changing their properties in relation to solving a particular problem. In this work, physical and chemical modification of zeolite from the Chankanai deposit was carried out. The cation exchange properties of natural zeolite Chankanai were studied. The ion exchange of the initial calcium cation was carried out with nickel cationite. The results of experimental and physicochemical analysis methods confirm the penetration of nickel ions onto the surface of the zeolite, which has a microhard structure. It was found that the degree of exchange of the Ca cation contained in the initial zeolite for Ni cations is insignificant.

The article examines the clinker firing technology using the wet production method based on LLP «Semey Cement Plant». The research object is the wet method of cement production. Research methods include a literature review, analysis of technological processes, and assessment of production efficiency indicators. Main results: The advantages and disadvantages of the wet method have been identified, and its production costs and environmental impact have been evaluated. Scientific novelty: A possibility of improving clinker firing efficiency by increasing the rotary kiln speed has been proposed. Practical significance: It has been proven that applying the proposed methods can enhance production efficiency and reduce environmental impact. The study compares the advantages and disadvantages of wet and dry methods and analyzes their production efficiency. The main advantage of the wet method is the ease of raw material grinding and the ability to obtain a homogeneous slurry; however, it has higher fuel consumption. Additionally, the technological  processes of cement production, raw material preparation methods, and the influence of their chemical composition are described. The research results demonstrate the feasibility of the combined application of wet and dry methods in cement production. The wet method is technologically simpler, whereas the dry method allows for fuel savings and increased productivity.

The article presents the research results on obtaining the highly effective complex fertilizer sulfoammophos based on wet-pprocess phosphoric acid of various concentrations. This product is not produced in Kazakhstan; to launch it at the Mineral Fertilizers Plant, it is necessary to study the effect of acid concentration and soluble impurity content on obtained fertilizer composition. Standard chemical and instrumental methods of analysis were used to identify the obtained salts. It was found that when evaporating wet-pprocess phosphoric acid in precipitator presence the fluorine content decreases several times. The most intensive reduction in content of other impurities in the acid occurs with soda ash introduction due to their binding in the form of insoluble precipitates of sodium silica fluoride and isomorphic complex compounds of aluminum, iron and calcium. By ammonization of defluorinated wet-pprocess phosphoric acid solutions of concentrations of 25-31% P2O5, sulfoammophos samples were obtained that meet the standard requirements in terms of sulfur and nitrogen content, and even exceed the standard values in terms of phosphorus. The effect of wet-pprocess phosphoric acid concentration on the crystal size and moisture content of sulfoammophos was studied; the optimal acid concentration for obtaining a high-quality product was determined. Sulfoammophos obtained on the basis of evaporated wet-pprocess phosphoric acid of concentration of 25-26% P2O5 is ballast-free concentrated water-soluble complex NP(S) fertilizer.

This article provides an overview of modern synthesis methods for MXene, a class of two-dimensional materials comprising transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, focusing on eco-friendly approaches and their potential as coatings and composites. It examines traditional fluoride-based etching techniques, such as those using hydrofluoric acid, and their drawbacks, including environmental hazards. In contrast, «green» alternatives like electrochemical etching and molten salt methods are explored, which reduce environmental impact and enhance production scalability. The unique properties of MXene – high electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and hydrophilicity – are highlighted, making them valuable for applications in energy storage, electronics, and environmental remediation. The study emphasizes MXene’s prospects in anticorrosion and antibacterial coatings, electromagnetic interference shielding, and sensor systems. Additionally, it discusses MXene’s potential in Kazakhstan, leveraging local raw materials for supercapacitors, biomedical applications, and aerospace catalysts. The economic viability of localized synthesis underscores opportunities for high-tech industry growth. Aimed at elucidating current advancements, the article seeks to inspire further research in sustainable materials science, illustrating how MXene can drive innovation by balancing functionality with ecological considerations, thus paving the way for advanced, environmentally responsible technologies.

The production of sapropel fertilizer is a multi-stage process, which requires taking into account the influence of various parameters on the yield of the final product. In this regard, it became necessary to optimize the modes of obtaining sapropel product from bottom sediments of eutrophic lakes. Using ultrasonic exposure in the technology of sapropel production, which consists in extracting bottom sediments with water, separating, filtering and concentrating the finished product. The analysis of the effect of the extraction duration, mixing rate, temperature and mass ratio of the phases of the bottom suspension on the concentration of the solution was carried out. It is proved that the use of ultrasonic cavitation at the extraction stage increases the yield of the sapropel product by 1.7 times. The derived mathematical models of the processes of obtaining a sapropel product under cavitation and in the absence of it allow us to determine the optimal input parameters to ensure maximum yield of the sapropel product. From a practical point of view, this will positively affect the quality of the resulting innovative environmentally friendly sapropel fertilizer. In turn, this will manifest itself in greater efficiency of pre-sowing seed treatment, by increasing the qualitative and quantitative properties of the nutrients contained in sapropel fertilizer. This will subsequently affect higher crop yields.

This work investigates the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in 0.5 mol·dm⁻³ H₂SO₄ using a binary system of 1,2-phenylenediamine and disodium naphthalene-1,5-sulfonate. Experimental techniques, including weight loss assay, electrochemical methods, and surface analysis, demonstrated significant inhibition efficiency, reaching 88.43% under optimal conditions. The synergistic effect between the t

This work investigates the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in 0.5 mol·dm⁻³ H₂SO₄ using a binary system of 1,2-phenylenediamine and disodium naphthalene-1,5-sulfonate. Experimental techniques, including weight loss assay, electrochemical methods, and surface analysis, demonstrated significant inhibition efficiency, reaching 88.43% under optimal conditions. The synergistic effect between the two components was evaluated as 2.59, indicating enhanced performance compared to individual components. Computational studies using molecular dynamics and DFT revealed strong interactions, driven by the formation of hydrogen bonding promoted by electrostatic forces during adsorption, which stabilize the protective layer on the metal surface. The adsorption mechanism was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model, and obtained thermodynamic parameters confirmed spontaneous physisorption of the inhibitor. Electrochemical results identified the binary system as a mixed-type inhibitor, effectively reducing both anodic and cathodic corrosion processes. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of synergistic inhibitor systems for industrial applications.

metal protection, synergistic effect, corrosion inhibitors, inhibition efficiency, molecular dynamics, reactivity descriptors

wo components was evaluated as 2.59, indicating enhanced performance compared to individual components. Computational studies using molecular dynamics and DFT revealed strong interactions, driven by the formation of hydrogen bonding promoted by electrostatic forces during adsorption, which stabilize the protective layer on the metal surface. The adsorption mechanism was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model, and obtained thermodynamic parameters confirmed spontaneous physisorption of the inhibitor. Electrochemical results identified the binary system as a mixed-type inhibitor, effectively reducing both anodic and cathodic corrosion processes. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of synergistic inhibitor systems for industrial applications.

данной работе исследуется ингибирование коррозии углеродистой стали в среде в 0,5 М растворе H₂SO₄ с использованием бинарной системы 1,2-фенилендиамина и нафталин-1,5-дисульфоната натрия. Экспериментальные методы, включая метод потери массы, электрохимические методы и анализ поверхности, продемонстрировали значительную эффективность ингибирования, достигающую 88,43% при оптимальных условиях. Синергетический эффект между двумя компонентами составил 2,59, что указывает на значительное повышение эффективности по сравнению с отдельными компонентами. Расчётные исследования с использованием методов молекулярной динамики и DFT выявили сильные взаимодействия, обусловленные образованием водородных связей под действием электростатических сил во время адсорбции, которые стабилизируют защитный слой на поверхности металла. Механизм адсорбции соответствовал модели адсорбции Ленгмюра, а полученные термодинамические параметры подтвердили самопроизвольную физическую адсорбцию ингибитора. Результаты электрохимического анализа показали, что бинарная система является ингибитором смешанного типа, эффективно снижающим процессы как анодной, так и катодной коррозии. Эти результаты дают ценную информацию о разработке синергетических систем ингибиторов для промышленного применения.

Today, the world oil industry pays special attention to the development of new processing approaches, increasing energy efficiency and reducing operating costs. The review considers modern methods of heavy oil processing using supercritical fluids. The main attention is paid to supercritical fluid extraction, which allows for efficient extraction of hydrocarbons and removal of undesirable impurities. The review considers the kinetics of interaction of supercritical fluids, as well as the effect of temperature, pressure and solvents on the efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction. The key features of this method are the depth of purification, process selectivity, high selectivity, reduction of waste, the possibility of solvent regeneration, reduction of emissions and reduction of negative impact on the environment. However, the use of supercritical fluids in the oil industry has certain limitations, including high energy costs, the need for complex equipment and technological difficulties in scaling up processes, which requires further research and optimization of parameters. The prospects for integrating supercritical fluid technologies into the oil refining industry, including combined methods with catalysts and solvent modifiers, are considered. It has been established that the introduction of supercritical fluid technologies into the oil industry can significantly improve the efficiency of processing heavy hydrocarbon systems, contributing to the creation of more environmentally friendly and economically sustainable technologies.

This article presents a comprehensive examination of the electrolytic-plasma hardening (EPH) process applied to 20GL structural steel, a material frequently used in the automotive, transport, and various other industries. The relevance behind this research lies in the necessity to enhance the performance of steels that face high mechanical loads, elevated temperatures, and corrosive environments. Experimental findings reveal that electrolytic-plasma treatment substantially increases the hardness of 20GL steel to approximately 600 HV on average. Additionally, prolonging the heating duration contributes significantly to greater hardness, playing a decisive role in bolstering wear resistance under load. Microstructural analysis confirms the formation of a fine-grained martensitic phase, highlighting the steel’s transformation and strengthening. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that the chemical composition of 20GL steel influences the hardness gradient from the surface inward and leads to the development of finer-grained features in the steel’s microstructure. Overall, the electrolytic-plasma process proves beneficial not only for improving mechanical attributes but also for enhancing reliability and service life of critical components. From an industrial standpoint, this technology is notable for its adaptability and cost-effectiveness, making it an attractive solution for sectors such as automotive manufacturing, construction, and the energy industry. Thus, electrolytic-plasma hardening emerges as a forward-looking method aligned with modern engineering demands, offering a promising avenue for advanced material optimization.

With each passing year, the volume of metallurgical waste continues to grow, posing serious environmental and economic challenges. However, metallurgical by-products such as slags and tailings contain numerous valuable metals that can be recovered and reintegrated into production cycles. In this context, hydrometallurgical and bioleaching technologies are gaining particular relevance. These methods enable the efficient extraction of valuable components from waste while simultaneously reducing its volume and minimizing the environmental burden. This article examines how modern techniques, such as acid leaching and bioleaching, can be utilized not only to recover metals but also to address waste disposal issues with minimal ecological impact. Special attention is given to practical examples and research developments that demonstrate the high efficiency and industrial applicability of these technologies. This study highlights the importance of waste recycling not only from an ecological perspective but also as a critical step toward building a more sustainable economy where every resource is used to its fullest potential.

One of the problems of the paper industry is the search for raw materials. Due to the depletion of non-renewable resources, the role of recycling waste paper, which makes up about 7% of solid municipal waste and contains valuable cellulose, is growing. In developed countries, millions of tons of paper packaging are produced annually, creating large volumes of waste paper [1].

Paper recycling plays a significant role in reducing environmental impacts, reducing waste volumes and minimizing the use of primary resources. However, despite advances in paper recycling, the problem of cleaning up contaminants such as chemicals, paints and pigments remains relevant. These contaminants reduce the quality of recycled material and increase the complexity of the production process. This article reviews modern paper cleaning methods such as the use of surfactants, chemical reagents and combined approaches to improve recycling efficiency. In this study, a set of chemical reagents including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium hypochlorite were selected to evaluate their impact on paper cleaning. To evaluate the efficiency of waste paper cleaning, physicochemical methods including UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis were used, which provided comprehensive information on the composition and changes in the material during processing.