In this article, the Economic security of the country is characterized by the state of various spheres of activity. One of its important components is the food security of the country, characterized by the level of provision of meat products, food quality and is the basis for effective and sustainable economic development. Meat enters the market of Kazakhstan directly from domestic farms. Therefore, there are special services to monitor the safety of meat and meat products, domestic production. In special laboratories, thorough control of product samples is carried out, as well as regular inspections are carried out at the places of sale of meat and at production facilities. Ensuring compliance with the technical regulations of the Customs Union, conformity assessment, control and supervision of authorized bodies, their interaction with domestic manufacturers and sellers – all this in a complex can guarantee the safety of products to consumers.

   Article complexes and value of food products, including sausage, organoleptic, chemical, along with indicators of food safety, the requirements for which are provided for the development of a control system kezindezhuzege. The quality of meat in sausages is characterized by the following parameters: nutritional and biological value, organoleptic characteristics, physical and chemical indicators and safety. Provides activities and goals for the development and implementation of the quality system in the production of sausages. The nutritional value of sausages can make full use of this standard in the development and implementation of safety systems.

   The object of the study is the search for new methods of energy production. One such energy source is biogas obtained from cattle manure during anaerobic digestion in a bioreactor after preliminary cavitation destruction of the substrate.

   The article presents a review of the mathematical description of a single pulsating cavitation bubble, suitable for numerical computer analysis of the equations that most fully take into account the physical aspects. On the basis of mathematical expressions, the algorithm for determination of cavitation number is constructed. MatLab program was used to calculate the hydrodynamic cavitation device. According to the calculations of the mathematical model of the hydrodynamic cavitation device, it is found that the relative area of the cavity has extreme values, where the pressure of the mixer decreases, thus corresponds to the minimum losses of the mixer, relative to the nozzle area and are optimal. The number of cavitations and decrease of relative pressure in the mixer, presented on the graphs, are obtained.

   In the article, the educational and methodological complex of the discipline is a set of textbooks used in the educational process and designed to expand, deepen and better assimilate the knowledge provided by the curriculum. The educational and methodological complex of the discipline should be created in such a way as to exclude typical problems of manual processing when processing their content automatically. In order to make the educational and methodological complex of the discipline understandable to machines, it was necessary to create a structure based on the terms used in the educational and methodological complex of the discipline. Automatic and manual methods are integrated for displaying the structure of the educational and methodological complex of the discipline in the semantic network. The semantic network allowed us to describe the educational and methodological complex of the discipline in graphic form. Using semantic network representation, you can turn the network into an ontological model, which will lead to automated processes.

   This article discusses the development of distributed type perimeter protection systems based on fiber-optic technologies for special facilities and other facilities of national importance against unauthorized access. The analysis of existing systems that are already developed by Russian and foreign scientists is given. For consideration, two options are proposed for an energy-passive perimeter security system with high stealth indicators. The main sensor is optical fiber. The measurement principle is based on the control of the magnitude of additional scattering losses due to mechanical stimulus, measured in dB. Research was conducted on laboratory samples of fiber-optic systems for the protection of distributed type perimeters. In conclusion, descriptions of the results of the study using an reflection-coefficient meter are given.

   The article describes the characteristics of watermelon, the ability to sort watermelon depending on weight. The mechanical characteristics of the Watermelon is important for calculating losses during storage and transportation, as well as for designing appropriate machines. The mechanical characteristics of a watermelon are important for reducing losses during storage and transportation, as well as for designing appropriate machines. Watermelon pulp samples for mineral formulations and vitamin C were analyzed using standard methods according to official analysis methods and standard methods. The differences between foreign varieties of watermelon and domestic. Watermelons of Sweet Crimson variety of domestic selection had in their composition more sugar.
   The compression characteristics of watermelon were analyzed in various ways. The elastic modulus of watermelon was 9.79*100 Pa for vertical compression and 8.92*100 Pa for horizontal compression. The results of a mathematical analysis of the ripeness of the watermelon fruit are presented.

   This article discusses the technology of production of semi-finished products from beef meat in marinade with the addition of whey. Meat is one of the most important food products, which is rich in high-grade proteins, fats, extractives, and essential amino acids. It is important for the food industry to develop and obtain a new type of product that not only preserves all the useful properties of meat, but also improves organoleptic, physical and chemical quality indicators, and technological properties. Based on scientific and theoretical research, a new semi-finished product of beef meat in marinade with the addition of whey has been developed. Selected components that correct the vitamin and mineral composition. The result is a balanced product in the qualitative and organoleptic sense. The product was tested for physical, chemical, and organoleptic parameters, and the food safety of the finished product was determined. Semi-finished meat in a marinade of whey is a good alternative to shish kebab in a traditional marinade, since it contains useful substances and is an environmentally safe product.

   Currently, the use of network capabilities and technologies is becoming more transparent for public policy and security. If the world today has a strategic balance in the field of conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction, the issue of balance in cyberspace remains open, and frankly, there is almost no balance in this matter. The article is devoted to the topic of improving the efficiency of systems for intelligent recognition of anomalies and cyber threats in computer systems based on the creation of a system of self-learning field analysis. The developed algorithm for the formation of the knowledge base for the expert system in cybersecurity takes into account certain statistical and remote parameters of clustering of threats, anomalies and signs of cyber attacks. A description of software modules is provided to solve the problem of forming a knowledge base for expert systems in cybersecurity.

   There are many scientific papers on the development of characteristics of the Bragg fiber lattice. More than 100 scientific papers were reviewed. The studied scientific works can be classified into several large groups according to the main topics and directions considered: solving the main problems in creating a fiber Bragg lattice (considers the methods of creation), modeling the Bragg lattice and comparing the results obtained from the theoretical model with practical results by studying the characteristics of the signal from the fiber Bragg lattice.

   The article presents the main parameters of the sensor. in order to determine the patterns, it is necessary to take into account the patterns of interaction between the rays entered into the lattice and the rays reflected back. To build a model, it is necessary to determine the main parameters between the sensor developers, such as the effective refractive index, the lattice period, the lattice length, the Apodization coefficient, and other input parameters. From the results of practical research, it is possible to determine the amplitude values of the input and output signals that passed through the grid.

   In the context of growing competition, and, consequently, the importance of information and telecommunication technologies, the task of ensuring the necessary level of security of computer networks is of particular importance. Vulnerabilities make a significant impact on network security. The article is devoted to the study of structural components for the implementation of access control and management system (ACSJ.  A prototype of a competitive SDMS was developed and tested. The proposed solution can be implemented using any device that has a browser and the ability to connect to a wireless Wi-Fi network. The developed QMS has no analogues in the market of Kazakhstan. It is shown that a forged approach, unlike the existing ones, takes into account current trends in the total digitalization of business processes in the enterprise. Using minimal resources, enterprises can implement effective ACS in their protection zones of information resources.

The conceptual model of adaptive control of a cyber-protected information-computer network (IVS) is described. An example of solving the problem of adaptive management of user access rights using the apparatus of Petri nets is considered. The corresponding model was implemented and simulation was performed in the PIPE v4.3.0 and Petri.Net Simulator packages. 2.017. Like any object of informatization, an ITT requires solving problems of protecting information and cybersecurity (CRL). The general initial task in constructing effective security systems and CIRTs of the OBI IVS remains the task of examining a specific object of protection, forming models of a potential intruder (computer attacker - KZL) and cyber threats. In the opinion of a large number of specialists, the possibility of describing functional models of various security systems of temporary detention facilities in terms of Petri net theory seems quite promising. The implementation of the above steps will ultimately provide adequate requirements for information security systems (SZI) IVS OBI.

This article describes the methods for the production of proppants - proppants used in the extraction of oil and gas by the method of hydraulic fracturing. The technical result obtained by the implementation of the developed proppant is to obtain proppant particles with high performance and low cost, the use of which leads to a decrease in the cost of the produced fluid. Presents information about proppants. The proposed technology relates to materials of ceramic proppant with a lighter weight (i.e. lower density), containing a significant proportion of fly ash. The data on the advantages of using fly ash as a material for the manufacture of proppants are given. Outlines methods for producing proppant based on bauxite, fly ash, silica sand and clay, having a low specific weight and high strength.

 The growth of mobile devices covers many aspects of security, from protecting user information to protecting mobile providers from fraudulent use of their services: cloning SIM cards, routing foreign traffic through intruders' own servers, etc. The main requirements for the gradually and inevitably growing mobile cellular networks are: high bandwidth; low capital costs; low operating costs. These aspects are dictated by the requirements of high-speed access to communication services for little money. Therefore, radio access technologies and cellular networks are constantly evolving and are trying to achieve a more efficient use of radio resources. One of these solutions is the detection of anomalies. This article discusses the problems of information security Big Data in the networks of a mobile operator. As well as features of the application of anomaly detection in cellular networks.

   Bread is a very high-calorie product, which includes about 50% of carbohydrates. Bread contains important nutrients that a person needs. Among them are proteins (up to 12.5 %), carbohydrates (up to 75 %), vitamins (B1, B2, PP), minerals (Ca, K, P, Na, Mg), dietary fiber. Due to the consumption of bread, a person almost half satisfies his need for carbohydrates, a third - in proteins, more than half - in vitamins of group B, salts of phosphorus and iron. The article presents the results of a study of the main indicators of the quality of wheat bread produced in the city of Semey, East Kazakhstan region. A comparative characteristic of the quality of bread produced by manufacturers in the city of Semey is given.

   This article examines the modal control of an Electromechanical drive system for controlling an aircraft onboard radar station. In on-Board radar stations of an aircraft, the Electromechanical drive system must overcome the influence of load disturbances and changes in the operating point to improve the strength characteristics of the control. Considering this problem and taking into account the large inertial and small load stiffness of the Electromechanical drive system, the expediency of applying the modal control law is investigated in this paper. Modal control suppresses the resulting elastic vibrations, as it allows you to choose the type of desired characteristic polynomial of the system. Requirements for the transition characteristic of the system are provided by using the Butterworth polynomial in the system. Modeling of the synthesized control system with modal control is carried out. The simulation results show that modal synthesis control can effectively cope with parameter perturbation and load perturbation.

   This article examines the optimal control for a non-stationary linear object using the example of an aircraft with complete information about the parameters and state. The lateral movement of the aircraft under the conditions of disturbances is considered. The mathematical model of the considered control object is described by a system of fifth-order differential equations. Ailerons and elevator deflections act as controls. Expressions are obtained for optimal control and optimal value of the quality functional. The simulation results of the investigated control system in Simulink, which is part of the Matlab package, confirm the effectiveness of optimal control for the problem of aircraft stabilization if the parameters and state of the object are fully known. The graphs of transient processes for the components of the state vector are obtained.

   One of the directions for expanding the range and improving the quality of meat products is the integrated use of raw materials of animal and vegetable origin. Ensuring food safety is a basic requirement of food production. Meat and bone paste is a homogeneous homogeneous mass obtained by processing the rib and vertebral bones of cattle. Adding meat and bone paste to the pate recipe provides a balanced content of minerals. The recipe and technology of liver pate with the addition of meat and bone paste, the mineral composition of which is Ca:P is close to the recommended standard (1:1.1). Food safety is determined by the content of chemicals, physical pollutants, microbes and toxins. Microbiological, physical and chemical indicators of food safety are regulated by normative indicators in accordance with state standard. Research and development of meat pates is an urgent topic in the current state and demand of the food market.

   Currently, the development of new types of meat technology is envisaged in the General meat production. When developing the technology of manufacturing meat products, it is advisable to use several methods. Including widely used meat - emulsion mixtures. In order to develop the processes of creating meat emulsion mixtures, many studies were conducted, and scientific internships were conducted. The article discusses the use of an emulsion mixture used in the meat industry. Based on the reviewed scientific articles, as well as using scientific and technical data, it is important to use meat emulsions for meat production. The use of meat emulsions was considered the most effective method for many industries. Since the meat emulsion allows you to speed up the production process of meat products and increase the nutritional and biological value of products.

An important condition for increasing the biological value and medicinal properties of lactic acid products is the concentration of a large number of living cells of lacto- and bifidobacteria living in the human body, as well as the activation of the growth and development of beneficial microflora.
   The use of prebiotics in the production of fermented milk products allows to impart not only functional properties to the product, but also increases the organoleptic characteristics of the finished product, improves its quality.
   The article analyzes the organoleptic, physicochemical and biochemical properties of fermented milk products based on goat milk.

The article describes the creation of a student service center - a student service center designed to create conditions for transparency and accessibility, high standards of service, prevent corruption, improve the quality of education and promote the principles of academic integrity.
   The student service center is implemented within the framework of the state program "Digital Kazakhstan". Its goal is to provide students with quality services based on standardized services through a one-stop shop.
   At a time when the speed of information exchange is increasing, the importance of the Internet is growing day by day. Of course, surfing the Internet is done by various web applications and sites. Regardless of the field of activity, any company, large stores, various institutions have their own web applications. They communicate with people, present their services and products using such a web application

The measurement of gross alpha / beta radiation is one of the most important radioanalytical procedures that are widely used as a screening method in radioecology, environmental monitoring and industrial applications. The purpose of this work is to gather information on recently used standard methods for determining gross alpha / beta activity in drinking water, to provide an overview of the current situation and to assess their capabilities. Sample preparation methods - e. c. evaporation, co-precipitation - and detection systems - such as gas flow proportional counting, liquid scintillation counting and scintillation counting - were compared on the basis of the literature. During the work, the following parameters were analyzed and discussed: background, counting efficiency, impedance, sample capacity, minimum detectable activity, typical counting time, sample preparation time.

   In food production, cutting is used for grinding materials with various mechanical properties. The article is devoted to the use of cutting process in food industry and his influence on machines work efficiency. Cutting methods are presented depending on material different properties and different types of working mechanisms, methods of selection of the cutting modes. The article classifies the types of cutting in static mode, analyzes the differences between cutting and sliding modes. At the same time, it is analyzed and shown that the ratio of the total components of work spent on cutting materials depends on the properties of materials and types of cutting determined by the sliding angle.

   The presence of entrance and target endings on disk knives of meat-cutters with the blades lbliquely put influencend greatly on the Sige of sliding factor.

   One of the key components of any refrigeration unit is the condenser. It is the device, along with the evaporator, that provides the required level of heat exchange in the system. This article discusses condenser faults in two different modes, discusses the results of experiments carried out on a laboratory bench. The operation of the condenser was investigated in the modes of malfunctioning during the implementation of the full cycle of the refrigeration unit. It is considered how different parts of the whole system behave in such conditions. The influence of the clogging of the condenser and insufficient capacity of the condenser on the energy consumption and the efficiency of the installation as a whole was determined experimentally. The results obtained on a laboratory unit will allow interpreting them for more efficient units, obtaining the necessary dependencies, and also avoiding critical malfunctions during the operation of refrigeration equipment.

   This article is provide the analyses of current trends in the field of Electronic Healthcare, transitional and main processes of digitalization of medicine in the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan), considers key factors affecting the success of the implementation of the main goals and objectives of Electronic Healthcare (EH), as well as factors that have a negative impact on the course of digitalization in general. The analysis of commercial developments of medical information systems is carried out, and the degree of compliance of the functionality of products developed by national IT companies with all the needs of the medical information system and healthcare system in relation to the interests of patients is described in the advisory key, the best foreign experience with regard to digitalization of medical processes is described. Also, the work provides a brief analysis of the monitoring of the state of EZ of Kazakhstan by international experts.

   The article presents the development and technology of modern recipes for functional meat products enriched with herbal supplements. The analysis of organoleptic, physicochemical studies of finished sausages is carried out and the results are presented. The chemical composition of sausages with vegetable components (corn, flax and lentil flour) changes, the nutritional value of the product increases and gives the product a functional orientation. The inclusion of herbal supplements in the recipe enriches foods with proteins, vitamins and minerals. It also allows you to significantly reduce the calorie content of the product. Adding additives to meat products makes it possible to improve the taste of cooked sausages, increase their functional properties, improve physical and chemical properties, and expand the range of cooked sausages. Boiled sausages, obtained with the addition of vegetable components, have a high nutritional and biological value.

   The article presents the results of a study on the use of lentil flour in recipes of semi-finished meat products in order to create a product for herodietic purposes. The choice of lentil flour is based as an ingredient of meat-growing semi-finished products. The maximum possible dose of vegetable raw materials for semi-finished products has been established, which allows increasing their nutritional value while maintaining their favorable consumer properties.

   The article discusses the concept of sous-vide technologies. This technology is one of the methods of molecular cuisine in the food industry. Provides information on literary and foreign research. The application of methods of molecular technology in the creation of new food products is described. The features and differences of this technology from traditional technologies are considered. The sous-vide technology allows for precise control over organoleptic indicators and microbiological safety, with strict adherence to the time and temperature of heat treatment and storage. The results of microbiological studies on the influence of quality indicators and microbiological safety of products processed using this technology are presented. According to the results of the study, the growth of microorganisms is 3-5 times lower, due to this, the shelf life of the product is extended by 72 hours.

   The article deals with forecasting of formation of irreversible deformation of road pavements as based on the known theoretical models and based on the proposed approximated model of changes of flatness of the pavement in time. It is established that the forecast models do not take into account a number of factors that have a significant impact on the formation of irreversible deformation in the layers of road construction materials the paper also considers the practical problems of operation of public roads, such as normalization of the thickness of leveling layers during average repairs. To compensate for this gap, an algorithm is proposed for assigning the thickness of the leveling layers depending on the initial longitudinal evenness and the standard one, which is achieved due to the standard thickness indicators obtained empirically. The corresponding algorithm of actions for the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan is given.

   The issues of slagging and contamination of the heating surfaces of steam and hot water boilers remain relevant, despite numerous studies, as well as extensive experience in the design and operation of boiler equipment for burning various coals. Contamination of the working surfaces of the boiler leads to a decrease in the heat transfer coefficient, efficiency (efficiency) and heat output. Deposits from flue gases in the boiler paths increase the aerodynamic drag and, as a result, the consumption of electricity consumed by the flue pumps increases. Frequent starts and deep discharges of boiler units during cleaning of deposits lead to rapid wear of heating surfaces, reduce the reliability of equipment, increase the volume of repair and restoration work, and reduce the working life of the boiler. The article presents the results of a study of modern methods of cleaning boiler units from deposits and the rationale for the choice of technology for cleaning the heating surfaces of the boiler unit kW-116, 3-150 of the city of Semey.

   The article deals with the trend of increasing the fleet of heavy-duty vehicles and adaptive approaches to the road asset management system. It is noted that the elimination of defects is carried out at the stage of completion of the formation of deformations of materials, which is a late, and sometimes ineffective and expensive solution. Therefore, repair measures that characterize the failure of the road structure should be the last stage in the chain of measures aimed at the safety and durability of road elements. It also describes the regulatory gaps in the road asset management system in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the main of which is the incompatibility of the current strict prescriptive method of rationing with the flexible parametric method. As a result, this does not allow you to dynamically manage the strategy of road repairs and eliminates the need to use regulatory and technical documents in certain areas.

   This article provides information about the main methods for producing biohydrogen, describes the mechanism of acid hydrolysis and dark fermentation of carbohydrate-containing raw materials. The main types of hydrogen-producing bacteria that carry out dark fermentation under anaerobic conditions are presented, where the advantages of Escherichia coli bacteria in the production of hydrogen are noted.
   In addition, the description and the main results of studies on the production of biohydrogen, carried out with brewer's grains and post-alcohol grain stillage, where indicators of the ORP and pH of substrates with different concentrations of raw materials and conditions of pre-treatment were studied. Curves of changes in ORP over time were constructed, obtained from substrates with 4 % and 10 % concentrations of brewer's grains and distillery grain stillage under appropriate conditions for processing raw materials and using bacteria.

  The article presents the results of a study of raw carrot cake. Cake is a product of carrot processing obtained in the production of carrot juice. Carrot cake can be used in the production of compound feeds, added to food products, used for the preparation of biologically active additives, functional food products. The special properties of carrot cake are due to the content of a significant amount of dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. Carrot cake was tested for the content of the main food nutrients. The article also discusses the use of cake in the production of butter. For this purpose, the cake is dried and added to the butter in crushed form. In the finished butter, the chemical composition, the content of dietary fiber were studied, and organoleptic parameters were determined.

   Тhe article reflects the economic efficiency of using grape extract flour in the diet of meat-oriented chickens and the results of its impact on the quality and safety indicators of poultry meat and finished products made from it. At the same time, grape extract flour is rich in biologically active substances, so fresh feed increases the value of the biological diet when feeding birds, on the other hand, reduces the loss of cobalt, manganese, zinc salts that are part of the compound feed.It has been proven that using grape extract flour for feed purposes can solve 2 problems: the first is to preserve the environment by using the waste product еmmік in the feeding of chickens; the second is to obtain an indispensable raw material and safe product for children's nutrition using the useful properties of grape extract.

   In the article the technology of production of meat products based on horse meat, the influence of dihydroquercetin during storage sernokislyj on the lipid composition of meat products. Dehydrocercetin increased the shelf life of meat products by 1.5-3 times, interrupting the reaction of self-oxidation of food components. The study of the fatty acid content of lipids of meat products during refrigerated storage shows antioxidant action (dihydroquercetin) of antioxidant to be introduced in the manufacture. Organoleptic studies have shown a high taste of the developed products. The use of DQV and modes of intensive processing of raw materials allowed to reduce the duration of the technological process and increase the biological and nutritional value of finished products. Observations of changes in the humidity of samples during storage did not reveal a clear picture of the deviation of the indicator, but showed the ability of meat semi-finished products to retain high humidity.

   In the article, one of the criteria for evaluating their formulas in the development of new types of meat products is the formulation of sausage products with pumpkin protein and carbohydrate complex to normalize the chemical composition of the product in terms of the optimal ratio of protein and fat. To confirm the importance of using the pumpkin-protein-carbohydrate complex, as well as the correctness of theselected level of their  introduction, the nutritional and biological value and amino acid composition of the finished product were studied. As a result, it was found that the indicators of the biological value of the protein component of cooked sausages have a higher value than the control ones. When studying the quality indicators and biological value of sausage products, the production of the prototype was 5.21 % higher than the control sample in terms of the mass fraction of proteins.

   Due to the globalization of the use of information technologies and systems, the main problem of ensuring their smooth functioning is the cybersecurity of electronic resources and information security from destructive and unauthorized intrusions. Systems for detecting or recognizing various network intrusions, as well as determining the quality of attacks and anomalies, have their own niche in the market. This paper describes a method and algorithms for the formation of a feature space for the base of an intellectualized decision support system in cybersecurity problems. Intellectualized support system for promoting the protection of information about yourself with complex systems. The described algorithms allow you to dynamically replenish the database when new threats appear, which will reduce the time for their analysis, at the same time for cases of difficult-to-explain symptoms and reduce the number of false positives in the system for detecting threats, anomalies and attacks on information objects.

   Environmental quality assessment is relevant for the detection of pollution. The silver birch due to its biological-ecological characteristics is often used in the creation of protective forests on the territory of large industrial centers of our region . Morphometric analysis of birch leaf plate, carried out by methods of fluctuation asymmetry and measuring the area of the leaf plate, revealed the change of leaves from the impact of anthropogenic load. Leaf samples were taken at 4 test sites. Calculation of asymmetry fluctuations was made by the method of M. Zakharov. On the test sites in terms of asymmetry of leaves exceeds the conditional norm and the area of the leaf surface depends on the degree of load on them. The obtained results show that in the urban environment the plantings were contaminated. The fluctuating asymmetry method can be used as one of the methods for bioindication of the urban environment. The analysis and assessment of the impact on the environment, indicating the effectiveness of this method.

 This article reflects the results of work on the species composition and biology of invertebrate freshwater reservoirs in the Urdzhar district. The species composition of invertebrate freshwater reservoirs has been determined. The frequency characteristics of the environmental meeting are given. Studies were conducted in various reservoirs, such as the Kusak, Koldenen, Shoshkaly, Katinsu, Urjar, Eginsu, Emil, Shagantogay rivers. As a result of studying invertebrate fresh water bodies of the Urdzhar region, 50 species of 32 breeds were identified. The main rocks of the Urdzhar region are Agelenidae, Libellulidae, Chironomidae, Corixidae, Gerridae. Rare families included Hydrachnidae, Cerambycidae, Lestidae. The ratios of the species composition of invertebrate freshwater bodies were also given. The percentage of aquatic invertebrates is shown. According to the testimony of Gammarus sp. (35 %), P. marginata (20 %), S. pedemontanum (20 %), I. pumilio (15 %) and O. cancellatum (10 %) were the main species of this region.

  The territory of the Caspan rural district is represented by 36 types, 16 subtypes of plant communities and 4 modifications. Types are organized in 25 groups. Natural forage lands within the boundaries of the survey belong to two sections of the Classification of natural forage lands of the Republic of Kazakhstan – mountains and foothill plain, represented by the following classes: medium-mountain pastures and hayfields on the black soil of the southern and dark chestnut soils, low on light chestnut soils, lowland meadow pastures and hayfields of the lowland belt, foothill pastures on gray semi-desert belt, lowland meadow grasslands pastures. In all communities identified gross yield dry weight, yield, forage seasons, the shrinkage ratio of the green mass. On the basis of the obtained results, recommendations on the use of the studied areas as forage lands are given.

   The article describes that pollution of ecosystems of Semipalatinsk, functioning of soils pollution of ecosystems – one of the types of its violations, soil pollution-one of the most dangerous types of violations of soils and ecosystems in General, and violations in all cases of anthropogenic activities in the ecosystem depend on the distance from the source of impact.
   Disturbances in the ecosystem in all cases of anthropogenic activity also depend on the distance from the source of impact. In most cases, even during reconnaissance (reconnaissance) studies, areas of intensive soil destruction and areas of distribution of partially disturbed soils are determined. Both of these zones should be added to the list of control objects. In the vast majority of cases, the soil areas of the buffer zone are significantly larger than the areas of intensively disturbed land, and during monitoring it is necessary to assess their condition.

   As the results of the study in the article an important component of a comprehensive system of environmental quality control – environmental monitoring of soils. Soil can become a more real and sustainable indicator of anthropogenic pollution of the ecosystem than water and air, which are migratory (variable) environments.
   At the same time, an important component of the integrated system of quality control of the natural environment is the ecological monitoring of soils. Unlike water and atmospheric air, which are migratory (variable) environments, soil can be a much more realistic and stable indicator of man-made ecosystem pollution. The soil directly and accurately reflects the emission of pollutants and their distribution in the constituent parts of the terrain. In most cases, frequent observations of soil chemical contamination limit monitoring of soil conditions.

   The article assesses the pollution, ecological state and mechanical composition of the soils of the city of Semipalatinsk. Study and analysis of soil composition. Ecological activity of soils is connected with its chemical, physical and biological features. In the East Kazakhstan industrial zone with technogenic damage to the soil cover is contaminated with toxic chemicals. It is also written about radioactive contamination.
   When people first began to use land for agriculture, there was no concept of soil, and soil was formed as a concept of land. This simple explanation would have taken several thousand years, for the problems that had been born to humanity in the last hundred years were not there at that time. In recent centuries, attention has been paid to the soil to solve such problems as famine in some regions, lack of land, erosion, dryness, reduced soil fertility, and so on.

  In the article in the course of studying the chemical composition of soils in Semipalatinsk in the field were extracted soils. In order to compare the soils from the Eastern village of the city, the chemical composition was determined. Soil samples from the village of Vostochny were selected as the object of study. First of all, favorable conditions of soil cover of these objects were chosen.
   Soil pollution is dangerous for the environment, as toxic substances enter through the nutrient chain from the soil to the plant, from the plant to the animal, from the animal to the human body. Under normal natural conditions, all processes occurring in the soil are in balance, and there are processes of spontaneous purification. In the course of the development of human economic activity, there is a change and even destruction of the soil composition. Today, every person on the planet has about one hectare of arable land.

  The paper presents the results of a study of the antioxidant properties of ginger and bee bread, as well as their extracts in the ratio: 40/60; 50/50; 60/40. The study was determined by the degree of peroxide hemolysis of erythrocyte membranes in vitro. It was noted that the extracts significantly increase the resistance of cell membranes to the damaging factor − hydrogen peroxide. Of the studied extract with a ratio of starting materials 50/50, showed the highest effect. Its effect was more pronounced at all concentrations used during the study.

   The use of extracts of preparations from dry raw materials has shown that the correct selection of the optimal ratio is much more effective for increasing the adaptive activity of the body to aggressive environmental factors.

  The method of keeping and processing of animals pelts for the manufacture of stuffed animals and academic carcasses with using of ethyl alcohol and plant raw materials was proposed. In 70^o ethyl spirit dry overland parts of Lythrum salicaria or Lythrum virgatum and leafless anabasis (Anabasisaphylla) collected in flowing period in the ratio of every kind of plant raw material and solution 1 : 5 were added. After the exposition during 2-3 days animals’ pelts are put to the conserving liquid and kept till the processing, which includes the dilution of conserving liquid by flowing water in the ratio 1 : 1 and after the exposition 1-2 days – pelts’ dryingand making of exhibits. The pelt processing by this method has significant mechanical durability and elasticity; it is steady to bacterial deterioration and destruction by home insects and museum pests.
   Conserving liquid prepared by extraction of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) or switch loosestrife(Lythrum virgatum) and leafless anabasis (Anabasisaphylla) on 70^o ethyl alcohol may be also used for the keeping and conserving of carcasses and interior organs of vertebrate animals for parasitological and pathologic morphological explorations, because this solution is more confirm fixing liquid than usual 70^o ethyl alcohol.

   The research results indicate that pine forests in the Irtysh region are rich in flora, among them there are plants of economic importance, which is the most valuable medicinal, melliferous, fodder and ornamental. During the research, rare and endangered species of plants were discovered. Of the species listed in the red book of Kazakhstan, namely: the following species are recorded patens (L.) Mill., stipa pennata, Adonis vernalis, Inula helenium, paeonia hybrida, sphaerophysa salsula, orchis militaris. On the project area there are 6 types of vegetation: steppe, meadow, swamp, tree, shrub, submerged-water. Describe the types, subtypes of rastitelnosti and major formations of the study area, as shown the schematic map of key areas of pine forest and river Irtysh floodplain.

   Nowadays one of the most important tasks of the food industry of the country is to improve the quality of the produced products and release of competitive safe food products. The work performed according to the topic of the research, discussed in the article, is aimed at processing of liquid food additives, including thermal treatment of milk, milk mixtures and other liquid food additives. The main disadvantage of the existing unit used as a prototype is the low intensity of heat transfer of the coolant with the product in the preheater section. Therefore, the task of the useful model proposed on the basis of this unit is a significant increase in the heat transfer of coolant with the product in this section. For this purpose, the useful model with turbulizer in the preheater section has been improved, the practical application of which will allow to intensify the process of heat exchange due to turbulization of the coolant flow.

   The article discusses the results of a study of the effect of the storage process on the quality of summer Mare's milk, in which there is a slight increase in acidity, an increase in the content of dry matter, sugar, and a decrease in the content of vitamin C. according to the author, it is recommended to produce products from frozen milk, since protein, phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin C remain at a high level during storage., dietary and therapeutic and preventive nutrition and determining the optimal timing of its use by evaluating the degree of oxidation of the fat component of the product. The aim of the study is to study the maximum possible shelf life of Mare's milk with the determination of the level of final, primary and intermediate products of lipid peroxidation, as well as the amount of peroxides in the dynamics of milk storage from 0 to 14 months. The paper uses organoleptic and physico-chemical research methods, as well as methods for estimating the amount of peroxide, the level of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation. The high efficiency of frozen Mare's milk production technology in the summer months is as follows: if necessary, conditions are created for the production of high-quality Mare's milk at any time of the year; Mare's milk produced in the summer and rich in nutrients from it, including protein, fat, phosphorus, calcium, vitamin "C", is richer than winter milking and prepared from it koumiss.

   The article presents the results of morphometry of the spleen histostructure of human fetuses under the influence of infectious factors from the mother. One of the  urgent problems of modern immunomorphology is the identification of structural changes in the organs of the immune system of the fetus and stillbirths under the influence of infectious factors. In the course of the work, the features of the histological structures of the white and red pulp of the spleen were revealed. The obtained data indicate that violations of the gestational process while infectious pathology of the mother affect the formation of morphological structures of the spleen of human fetuses. The main goal of our work is to study the structural and functional changes of the fetal spleen in infectious diseases in pregnant women. The data obtained indicate that disturbances in the course of the gestational process in infectious pathology of the mother affect the formation of morphological structures of the spleen of human fetuses; the main factor in the pathogenesis of disturbances in the gestational process will be the antigenic effect of the mother's body.

   The article presents the results of morphometry of histological structures of the human fetal spleen, taking into account functional features complicated by edema, proteinuria and hypertension during pregnancy. In the General population, hypertensive disorders occur in 11 % of cases, of which every third woman has a pregnancy process complicated by varying degrees of severity, and every fourth of them has a severe course. This issue is also relevant in Kazakhstan.

   The spleen, being an organ of immunogenesis in the fetus, also performs the function of hematopoiesis, so, given its multifunctionality, it is important to reveal its histomorphogenesis. In practical medicine, to assess the pathological state of the immune system, as well as its correction, it is necessary to know the patterns of development in conditions of complicated pregnancy with edema, proteinuria and hypertension. The main goal of our work is to identify morphological and functional changes in the fetal spleen in edema, proteinuria and hypertension during pregnancy.

   This article discusses the benefits and importance of natural animal fats. Nowadays,it is difficult to fully ensure the population with natural fats, mainly of animal origin. The quantities indicators of cholesterol in fatty acids were identified and compared. It has been shown that the cholesterol content in sheep fat is relatively lower than in beef and pork. According to the results of research experimented by the above-mentioned authors by the above-mentioned authors.
   Based on the chemical composition of sheep fat, this type of fat is considered another proof of its high benefits for the human body. Work has been carried out to improve the healing properties of tail fat by adding sawdust from the root of the medical plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L, registered in the state Pharmacopoeia registers of Kazakhstan.
   The naked licorice (Glacyrrhiza glabra L) has been received,known as "red licorice" among the population of Kazakhstan, including the steppes of Semipalatinsk, especially on saline soils belonging to the group of halophytes.

   The effects of hypoxic-hypercapnic training with the aid of the DMP simulator on the parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of children and adolescents living in an anthropogenically altered adverse environment were studied. The assessment of functional changes in the cardiorespiratory system of children and adolescents in an ecologically unfavorable region was carried out. Researches have shown that hypoxic-hypercapnic training plays a significant role in increasing the adaptive capacity of the organism and has a beneficial effect on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Respiratory training helps to normalize blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, increase pulse pressure, stabilize heart rate, and reduce fatigue. The time of voluntary breath holding on inhalation and exhalation increases significantly. As a result of the study, it was proved that the use of training on the DMP simulator expands the adaptive capabilities of the organism of the surveyed contingent.

  Currently, much attention is paid to the organization of protective measures aimed at suppressing the vital activity of pathogenic microflora in kagats. To this end, chemicals are traditionally used, which leads to contamination of root crops with residual amounts of pesticides and to a decrease in their marketability. The search for biological control of phytopathogens (rot rot), as an alternative to the chemical method, allows for effective protection of root crops and environmentally friendly products. Their basis is antagonism. There are currently no registered local biological products in Kazakhstan to protect sugar beet from diseases during storage. From the previously studied strains, the bacterium was selected as the main candidate for creating the drug. In the laboratory, the activity of the bacterium Bacillus mojavensis was studied. Working with different concentrations, the optimal option was chosen as the basis for a biological product.

   The article presents the technology for producing gluten-free flour confectionery. Initially, the starch melting points were determined on a differential scanning calorimeter. Based on certain melting parameters, the temperature regimes of extrusion are established. According to the extrusion parameters, all selected cultures are subjected to heat treatment using an extruder. It is proposed to replace starch contained in gluten-free dry mixes. Scientists studying the composition of the extrudates of various cultures offer as a substitute for this starch. It is also proven that wafers and other confectionery can be made from the prepared mixture. The optimized composition of dry mixes in the future will be presented in the form of gluten-free flour for patients after celiac disease. Modeling recipes for flour confectionery products using innovative technologies will increase the number of gluten-free confectionery products that meet the needs of consumers. The resulting confectionery additives are checked for the presence or absence of gluten on an immuno-enzymatic analyzer.

   This article presents the results of studies on the different mowing modes of hybrid sorrel on different backgrounds: with and without mineral fertilizers. The negative effect of early and frequent mowing of grass sorrel is shown, optimal harvesting modes are recommended: annually in the flowering phase or when harvesting periods alternate over years in the phases “budding - fruiting - flowering”. With annual harvesting in the flowering phase, the yield of green mass was  68 % higher than when mowing in the stem phase. An economic and energy assessment of the considered regimes of mowing crops and fertilizer application was given. The profitability level for mowing in the flowering phase and alternating mowing periods “budding - fruiting - flowering” amounted to 111 and 91 %, respectively, and the gross energy yield was 76.6-89.4 GJ/ha. The annual application of higher doses of fertilizer to these crops during these periods (N 180 P 180 K 180 ) is economically unjustified; the use of  N90P90K90  is only 30-48 % profitable.

   The article presents the results of carbon dioxide emission from dark chestnut soil of various ecosystems of the dry-steppe zone of the W est Kazakhstan region. Based on weekly m easurements, monthly average, seasonal and annual average CO₂ fluxes from the studied soils were calculated. Comparing the values of monthly CO₂ fluxes from soils of various ecosystems in 2018-2019, we can conclude that their values decreased in the following sequence: spring > summer > winter.

   The article presents the results of a study of the species diversity of the count and the num ber of waterfowl and near-water bird species during the spring migration on the lakes of Semey region. The features of accounting for the num ber of waterfowl and near-water birds during the spring migration, the influence and results of spring hunting are considered. Own research was carried out in hunting wetlands on the lakes Sasykkol, Krivankol and Balyktikol, belonging to the Semipalatinsk interdistrict society of hunters and fishermen of the city of Semey. The research material was real, diving ducks and other waterfowl, which are local and migratory species on the lakes Krivankol, Sasykkol and Balyktykol. In spring, birds fly to us, overcoming vast spaces, tired and exhausted. To continue migration and successful nesting, it is extremely im portant for them to have a large supply of fat resources. First of all, it concerns females. Spring hunting is a powerful limiting factor, as evidenced by scientific research.

   The article presents research data on the developm ent of adaptive technologies for cultivation of Sudanese grass in the dry steppe zone of W estern Kazakhstan. Sudan grass - as a drought-resistant and plastic crop has a great appeal am ong farmers. O ne of the im portant points of its technology is the height of the cut of the mowing mass. According to research data, in W estern Kazakhstan, to increase productivity and quality, it is advisable to m ow the green m ass of Sudanese grass at the level of 5 cm. In studies under this regime, the average yield of green m ass o f Sudanese grass for 3 years was 118.83 c/ha. With the productivity of feed units of 23.15 c/ha, protein collection was at the level of 2.16 c/ha. The cut height of 5 cm is optimal for growing Sudanese grass after harvesting.

   The article discusses the results of research on the degradation of vegetation cover of forage lands in the sem idesert zone. As shown by geobotanical research data, a clear predom inance of vegetation degradation over other processes of desertification is characteristic of forage lands in the Bokeyurdinsky and Zhangalinsky districts of the West Kazakhstan region. The analysis of materials obtained in the course of scientific research on the territories of forage lands in the semi-desert zone of Western Kazakhstan allowed us to distinguish 3 classes of desertification by degradation of vegetation cover. In zhangali district, vegetation and soil cover of pastures of Zhanakazan rural district are m ost degraded; in the rest of the territory, degradation has 1 and 2 degrees.

The article presents the results of research on the meat productivity of crossbred ram s obtained from crossing Queens of the Kazakh broad-tailed rough-haired breed with sheep-producers of the Ham pshire breed, grown in the farm "Kuat" of the Abay Raon of the East Kazakhstan region.

   In the control group, the pulp m ass in the lamb carcass was 10.55 kg, the m eat yield was 74.3 percent. The m ass of bones in the carcass is 3.65 kg, the yield is 25.7% . In the experim ental group, the pulp m ass in the carcass of crossbreeds was 77.5% , and the bone yield was 22.5%.

   The coefficient of m eat content, which determ ines the degree of m eat content of sheep, the ratio of flesh and bones in the carcass of sheep was high (2.9 and 3.4).

   The article presents an analysis of genetic and selection indicators of breeding anim als of the Kazakh white-headed breed. Due to the fact that inherited traits have their own characteristics and differences, we use the heritability coefficient. The value of this indicator is the selection of traits in a group of animals based on hereditary characteristics. A lower heritability value, in contrast, has a smaller impact on group selection of animals. To improve the herd, animals m ust be selected based on the variability of traits. When conducting mass selection of young animals at an early age, the repeatability of live weight is observed until the complete formation of body weight.

   The article provides data on selection and mating of animals, taking into account the potential for growth of live weight of young animals, which contributes to the qualitative transformation of the herd, increases the specific weight of the desired types with high live weight, and improves the quality of lamb.
   Lambs born from young rams at 7 months of age in all indicators of meat productivity are superior to their peers in other groups. For example, lambs of groups I and II born as a result of mating ewes with young rams, in comparison with their peers of groups III and IV, prevailed in pre-slaughter weight, respectively, 5.6-6.2 and 1.3-1.9 kg, in slaughter weight, respectively, 3.1-3.5 and 1.0-1.4 kg, in carcass weight, respectively, 3.7-4.0 and 1.4-1.7 kg.

   The article presents the results of research conducted on the application of different schemes of crossing sheep and sheep of the farm "Sharua" with the aim of obtaining a large number of burns.
   The milk yield indicators of edilbaye sheep and its connection with the live mass of lamb were studied. The average milk yield of single sheep was 1,026 kg or 123.1 kg in 120 days, and the average milk yield of twin sheep was 1,156 and 138.7 kg, respectively.

   To increase the number of animals and increase the fertility of ewes, it is recommended to use tribal sheep and twin ewes, as well as to implement effective small-scale technologies and methods of application.

   Currently, in the East Kazakhstan region, traditional perennial grasses are often used to improve soil structure. For the formation and preservation of the soil structure, it is necessary to systematically and in sufficient quantities to apply organic fertilizers, to lime sour soils, to cultivate the soil in a state of physical ripeness. Perennial grasses (timothy clover), green manure crops give good results.In the East - Kazakhstan region, the soil structure is sandy. Sandy soils are usually structureless, permeable, have good aeration, have little resistance during processing. These soils, as a rule, are poor in humus, ash elements and nitrogen. Fertilizers should be applied more frequently on such soils. Mineral fertilizers are the main improvers in the quality of crop production. Mineral fertilizers can be simple and complex (complex). Organic, mineral and organic-mineral fertilizers are often used. The advantage of complex fertilizers is that they have little or no ballast, while in simple fertilizers it is quite a lot.

   This article discusses the results of external evaluation of graft calves obtained using embryo transplantation technology in Pobeda LLP. Two groups (experimental and control) were used for comparative research. The experimental group included transplanted calves, and the control group included calves obtained by artificial insemination. The body size and personal characteristics of the control and experimental groups were compared for the study.

   The article presents the results of morphobiochemical indicators of calves’ blood. Calves blood was taken through the neck vein. During the research work, calves were divided into three groups, experimental calves of the first and second groups were vaccinated with biologically active substances Butofan and Nycleopeptide, and the third served as an observer group. The resulting blood samples were tested using the Stat Fax 4500 biochemical analyzer. Total protein, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, glucose, urea, albumin, cholesterol and iron activity were evaluated. In the course of the study, the live weight of calves before and after the study, absolute and average daily growth rates were determined. Numerical data, based on the method of variation statistics during the experiment, was carried out using the computer program Microsoft Excel.The calves were well fed and active. During the study, there were no physiological abnormalities in the calves.

   This article describes the effect of pre – and probiotics on the intestinal microflora of newborn calves.
   It is proved that one of the most effective ways to restore the imbalance between the ratios of the main groups of intestinal microorganisms is to protect the normal microflora by feeding animals with pre – and probiotic drugs instead of traditional antibiotics.
   The lack of scientific requirements for the use of prebiotics, in particular lactulose, in the practice of raising young farm animals for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases makes it difficult to promote them on the veterinary market.
   Most probiotics do not show their useful properties due to the fact that the strains in them are not able to actively spread to the intestinal wall. In this regard, in recent decades, there has been an interest in finding ways to normalize the intestinal microflora using prebiotics.
   It was found that in addition to lacto - and bifidobacteria, the intestines of calves contain opportunistic bacteria, such as E. coli, staphylococci and streptococci. When taking pre - and probiotics in experimental groups of animals, there was a decrease in the content of opportunistic microflora with a dynamic increase in obligate, which indicates a positive effect on the formation of intestinal microbiocenosis in the milk period. Moreover, more noticeable changes were found in the study of faeces of calves of the second and third experimental groups, which were fed probiotic "Vitafort" in its pure form, and especially a mixture of Vetelact and Vitafort.

   This article describes the effect of pre- and probiotic use on feed digestibility, growth and development of young calves. Most probiotics do not show their useful properties due to the fact that the strains in them are not able to actively spread to the intestinal wall. In this regard, in recent decades, there has been interest in finding ways to normalize the intestinal microflora using prebiotics, which contribute to improving animal health by selectively stimulating the growth or metabolic activity of one or more groups of bacteria.
   The study of the effect of feed additives on the digestibility of feed at different times of the study showed that 15 days after the start of the experiment, there is a visible effect on the digestibility of feed, which is significantly enhanced after 30 days, when the protein assimilation in calves of the third experimental group increases by 5.0 %, fat 7.7 % and fiber 11.5 %. Calves of the experimental groups had high growth energy, which was reflected in the absolute indicators of growth and their development. The digestibility of nutrients under the influence of pre-and probiotic drugs affects the weight gain in calves that received them separately and in a mixture, i.e. feeding the drugs after 15 days showed a positive effect on the increase in live weight of calves, and a greater weight gain was observed in calves that took a mixture of Vetelact and Vitafort.

   The article is devoted to the history of the development of the policy of the United States of America and Russia in the post-Soviet space after the collapse of the bipolar system. The authors used the methods of historicism and chronology, systematization and comparison. On the basis of empirical material they proved that the foreign policy of the two states has the character of geopolitical rivalry. Each of the parties seeks to establish its own parameters for the formation of a model of foreign and domestic policy of young states in the post-Soviet territory. The history of relations between the United States and Russia is quite complex and has several periods of development. The most pressing issue is the “annexation” of Crimea, which was the beginning of a new “cold war”. The authors also payd attention to the mechanisms of U.S.A. and Russian policy towards the former Soviet States, highlighting such as the promotion of democracy and liberal values.

   The study of regional problems is one of the most important issues of studying the national history of Kazakhstan; also it is a requirement of our time, which is widely used by scientists. The authors of the article note that the development of the region and the elaboration programs of competitive education and science are priority and interconnected areas. Reflecting the level of study of the regional aspect of education and science, the authors provide a brief overview of the history. Due to the lack of specific studies on the topic of this study, the authors analyzed the works of theorists of the early twentieth century before the work of modern foreign ones, as well as the works of domestic scientists dealing with this issue. The article also reflects the work of scientists in the regional aspect, which are in the pedagogical, economic, political, social and historical directions.

   This article discusses the sacred object of the Irtysh region «Kalmakkyrylgan» - «The place of death of Kalmyks». This historical and cultural place is a mute witness of the struggle of the Kazakh people for their independence against the Dzungarian invaders. Therefore, in this article, based on oral and written sources, historical events that took place in the first half of the eighteenth century are restored, the struggle of the Kazakh people against the Dzungarian invaders is described.

   The main objective of the article is to systematize all the information about the sacred place and, taking into account the opinions of scientists, conduct a scientific and theoretical analysis. As well as relying on the collected worldview, ethnographic, topographic, cartographic, oral information in the memoirs and works of researchers and travelers, to determine the historical and cultural significance of Kalmakkyrilgan in domestic history.

   In this article, we will try to study more deeply what the concept of “happiness” is based on religious concepts in the Arab-Muslim society and to determine the place of the concept of “happiness” in the Muslim society. Analyzing the foundations and theoretical significance of the concept of “happiness” in Islam, quoting from the texts of the Koran and Hadith, thereby explaining the meaning of “happiness” and its role. Also, the views of domestic and Arab-Muslim scholars about "happiness." we use methods of comparative theoretical research of the concept of "happiness". According to the verses of the Qur'an and Hadith in Islam, a Muslim must not only learn and practice in this life, but also pray to Allah in the hope of achieving endless happiness in his future life. Believers believe in a new life that begins after worldly life, that is, eternal life, and they believe that real life and infinite happiness will only be found in the future. In religious texts, this means that the eternal soul is happy only with the taste of eternal happiness. It is said that a religious person knows that material happiness cannot make a person happy. The ideas of scientists about "happiness" are quoted and confirmed. In Islam, religious texts state that one is free from sins attains eternal happiness.

   Talking about the history of deportations of the peoples of the USSR, including the forced resettlement of peoples, was a "dangerous" topic that had previously been banned. This study examines the history of peoples deported to Kazakhstan in the middle of the twentieth century, especially the processes and stages of the settlement of the Polish people in the East Kazakhstan region (EKO). During the deportation from the western part of Eastern Europe, real estate, tools and livestock of the Poles were transferred to the local administration of Russia in accordance with the law. It was also studied that Polish children were sent to all regions of Kazakhstan, their living conditions and social status. The reasons and nature of the deportation of Poles, as well as the history and stages of arrival in the East Kazakhstan region are also considered. In addition, the study examines the formation of the Polish diaspora in East Kazakhstan in the 20th century, their deportation and social status, demographic, migration and cultural development.

   The development of any state on earth is possible by not forgetting its history. The prosperity of our country begins with knowing our history. This article is about Shakarim, one of the greatest figures in the history of Kazakhstan. It was studied that Shakarim's work "Muslim Pact" is an important work in the history of the Kazakh people. It was considered that its accuracy, precision, method of writing, the information contained in it, the scientific structure are one point higher than in other works of Shakarim. His work, The "Muslim Pact", was said to be a support to a country that had fallen out of favor with the Russian Empire's colonial policies. It was noted that the writing of this work played several political roles for the benefit of the Kazakh people. In addition, the article examines the reasons for writing Shakarim Kudaiberdiyev's work "Muslim Pact". The importance of this work in the revival of the Kazakh people was noted.

   This article examines the results of archaeological research at the Besinshitobe settlement, located in the Otrar oasis. The main object of the settlement is a monumental structure erected at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. e. during the period of the Kangyui state. Over time, the building was abandoned. In the subsequent time, the local population of different eras began to make burials on the hill. At present, the excavations of the Besinshitobe settlement, in addition to the Kanguy period, are also devoted to the identification of late burials. Studies of the burials of the upper horizon of the hill are important in order to obtain new additional information about the funeral rituals and cults of the inhabitants of the Otrar oasis. Discovered finds from excavation sites provide archaeologists with valuable data. The article describes in detail the burials discovered in 2020 and substantiates their dating and religious affiliation.

   The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of the ethnic organism of ram in the context of an extraordinary military-political situation. At the same time, the time and characteristics of the origin of the ethnic group are established. It is stated that in the second half of the eighteenth century, on the territory of the Chirchik-Angren interfluve, due to the military-political situation, a conglomerate ethnic formation is formed - a new ethnosocial organism of the Aram. Further, the factor of extralinguistic origin of the ethnic name is determined and the fact that the extraordinary conditions of the current situation contributed to the emergence of an ethnic other name of extralinguistic origin – Qurama "patchwork".

   One of the most important directions in domestic science is the history of the study of the Kazakh diaspora outside the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article examines the social, demographic, economic changes in the situation of the Kazakh population living in Western Mongolia and being the largest ethnic minority in the country with sufficient administrative and cultural autonomy. The changes taking place are considered by the authors taking into account the analysis of the policy of the Mongolian government in relation to indigenous peoples, including the Kazakhs, during the period under study. The features of the social and socio-economic life of the Kazakh population in Mongolia in the twentieth century are revealed, on the basis of statistical data, the settlement area and the number of the Kazakh population in Mongolia, their contribution to the development of the country's economy and culture are analyzed.

  This article attempts to analyze each of the sources of "Tauilat" from the point of view of source study and Islamic studies, and also provides evidence that the comments of Imam Maturidi are based not only on narration / stories /, but also on the methods of dirayat and polemics.
   The article describes the scholar's perfect awareness of commentaries written before him, his skills to combine critical methodology based on relation to the chain of hadiths and stories, based on the system of Dirayat method. The paper also demonstrated his skills to make references to the narratives / stories / described in the Quran stories. The article is a reasoned answer for a certain circle of people who believe that this work does not belong to Imam Maturidi.

   The article analyzes the political, economic and religious situation in the Maverannahr region, where Imam Maturidi lived. It was identified the prerequisites and main causes of the origin of systematic educational madrassas, as well as the priority of intellect and philosophy in this territory in comparison with other regions of the Islamic world of that time. The political causes of the internal clash of two theories of knowledge such as “Ahl al-Hadith” and “Ahl al-Ray” were studied, including the reasons for the dominance of the concept of “Ahl al-Ray” in the Maverannahr region.

   The article describes the political reasons that forced them to leave Baghdad and Basra, the vast majority of Mu'tazilites who fled from the government found refuge in Khorasan and Transoxiana and began to spread their teachings in these areas. One of them, the Mu'tazilite scholar Abu al-Qasim al-Bali Maturidi, who argued with Imam Maturidi and wrote refuting his views, served under the Samani government in Samarkand, at home Maturidi. In fact, the commitment of the Mu'tazilites to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence allowed them to remain among the Hanafis.

   The article examines the history of Islamic banking. For more detailed study the history of Islamic banking was reviewed from both the theoretical and practical perspectives. The article mentions various thinkers and scholars who developed theoretical base of Islamic financial system as alternative to the conventional western banks and researches numerous factors that advanced its development. Based on this article, we can conclude that the main reason for the formation of Islamic banking system was the religious beliefs of the Muslim society. It also mentions that financial operations applied by Islamic banks, established in XX century, date back to early days of Islam. The demand for Islamic banks grew as Muslim aspired to comply with their religious rules.

In the article, on the basis of archival materials, the formation and development of the domestic transport industry, including the Semipalatinsk region of the 1950-1960s, are studied and considered. Also, problems are stated directly related to the development of the transport industry as an indicator of the country's socio-economic well-being.
   The article was written on the basis of Soviet and domestic researchers and archival materials, an objective historical analysis was made.
   The relevance of the article lies in an in-depth historical assessment with a comprehensive political, social and economic assessment in accordance with the specifics of the geographic region under consideration.

   In new economic conditions accounting at small enterprises has to be quicker, not labor-consuming, provide economical use of material resources, reduction of distribution costs, profitability increase. Activity of small business is focused mainly on the local market, on the solution of regional problems. Small business has to become the basis for formation rational structure of local economy and its financing taking into account development of each certain region.

   The refore also support of small business has to be carried out, first of all, at regional level. The role of accounting specialists in accordance with the requirements of a market economy will also increase. In this regard, their readiness should be improved. An accounting specialist must contribute to the efficient operation of the economy, quickly and accurately focus on the economic situation, understand the market situation and its trends. Under the new economic requirements, accounting in small enterprises should be faster, less labor-intensive, ensure the efficient use of material resources, reduce costs and increase efficiency.