The article discusses the reasons for the use of social network bots in the activities of the academic department and the method of their creation on the example of a bot for Telegram. The Python programming language and telebot library are used to create the bot. The article shows the method of obtaining a free token with the help of BotFather, for Telegram-bot.
The basic syntax commands of the telebot library are considered. The library provides convenient tools for creating and managing Telegram-bot functionality, including transmission of ordinary messages-responses in text format, messages-responses in video or picture format. Using these commands and functions will allow you to organise the bot's work. The use of these commands and features will allow you to organise effective interaction between the bot and the user.
Bots will allow students to quickly get answers to frequently asked questions. The use of bots of academic departments will also allow applicants to find out information about the required speciality. In addition, the use of such bots can greatly simplify communication between the school administration and those responsible for career guidance work of the university, which makes them an important tool in the educational sphere. The above shows that bots are an important tool in the educational sphere, contributing to the improvement of the quality of service and information.

This article discusses effective ways to prevent the intrusion of webcams into the civil and public sectors. In addition, several high-profile attacks on webcams, as well as high-profile cases of covert breaches of webcams in the civilian and government sectors, were discussed in an effort to raise awareness of webcam security issues. Hacking a webcam is a violation of privacy and security of users. This article discusses the causes and consequences of webcam hacking, as well as their impact on victims and society at large.
Reasons for hacking a webcam include encouraging hackers, the desire to access personal information, espionage, or even threats and blackmail. These attacks may be motivated by financial gain, invasion of privacy, or simply for fun. The article examines the various methods attackers use to compromise webcams, including exploiting vulnerabilities, phishing attacks, malware, and remote access tools.
The consequences of hacking a webcam can be devastating. Victims face loss of privacy, violation of confidentiality, as well as possible damage to their reputation. It can also lead to psychological and emotional problems such as stress and anxiety.
The impact of webcam hacks on society raises questions about cybersecurity and the need to strengthen the protection of personal devices and data. It also highlights the importance of educating users about network security rules and the use of strong passwords.

 The article considers methods of modeling in multi-criteria conditions for optimization of management of the installation of catalytic cracking. Ways of increase of efficiency of technological complexes of deep oil processing by making decisions on the basis of mathematical modeling have been given. Mathematical formulations of the problem of optimization of technological systems on the example of optimization of operating modes of the catalytic cracking installation on the basis of the methods of the theory of fuzzy sets and expert assessment have been formed and their solutions have been developed.
On the basis of the collected qualitative information and research results, a mathematical model of the reactor was created and on the basis of the created model, management tasks were formed to choose an effective mode of operation of the technological system. Based on the obtained expert  information, database rules describing the operation of the input parameters of the reactor reactor catalytic cracking unit have been created. 

The article discusses the development of an intelligent control system for the electric power of oresmelting furnaces based on programmable logic controllers (PLC). Control of electric power in ore-smelting furnaces is a complex task associated with the need to optimize energy consumption and increase productivity while minimizing equipment wear. The proposed control system is based on the use of PLCs in combination with artificial intelligence algorithms, which allows for monitoring and automatic regulation of furnace operating parameters in real time.
The purpose of this work is to create a control system that can adapt to changing furnace operating conditions, optimizing the energy consumption process and improving the stability of the system. The article also presents methods for integrating PLCs with sensors that provide data collection, as well as analysis and forecasting algorithms based on neural network technologies. The study shows that the implementation of such a control system can significantly reduce energy consumption, reduce the load on electrical equipment and improve the overall efficiency of the ore-smelting furnace.
Experimental data and a comparative analysis of the furnace operation before and after the implementation of the intelligent control system are presented. The results show that the intelligent control system using PLC can improve process stability, reduce operating costs and extend the service life of equipment.

The research presented in this article focuses on the development of a system for detecting speech activity in audio streams using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Speech activity detection plays a crucial role in many modern applications, such as voice-activated assistants, real-time communication platforms, and automated transcription services. The study synthesizes findings from nine key studies, demonstrating the effectiveness of CNNs in handling complex audio data, isolating speech signals from noise, and improving overall detection accuracy.
The research emphasizes the architectural advantages of deep CNN models, such as VGG, ResNet, and AlexNet, highlighting their ability to capture intricate audio features and improve performance across various environments. The study also explores techniques like data augmentation and optimization algorithms, which further enhance the robustness and efficiency of these models.
By evaluating the effectiveness of different CNN architectures and comparing various evaluation metrics, the research identifies potential areas for future exploration, such as optimizing CNN models for real-time applications and exploring hybrid architectures. Overall, this research offers valuable insights into the state of CNN-based speech activity detection and its implications for real-world applications.

The article is devoted to the creation of the BULT cloud platform, which implements an interdisciplinary approach to the development and orchestration of web applications. The main goal of this work is to develop a platform that provides flexibility, scalability and integration of various technologies. Architectural solutions including microservice architecture and containerization are described, which simplifies the deployment and management of applications. HashiCorp's Nomad is used as the basis for container orchestration, which allows you to dynamically manage the distribution of tasks and resources, ensuring the efficiency and stability of applications. The data management system is implemented on the basis of PostgreSQL and JuiceFS, which ensures high performance and reliability of data storage. To ensure security, Wireguard and Let's Encrypt are used, which provide encryption of network traffic and automatic updating of SSL certificates. Monitoring and analysis of the system are carried out using Grafana and Loki, which allow you to visualize metrics and logs in real time. The implementation of DevOps principles and automation of development, testing and deployment processes are achieved using CI/CD tools, which allows you to quickly and safely implement changes and new features. The application of an interdisciplinary approach allows us to take into account various aspects of system development and operation, which makes the BULT platform a competitive solution in the modern cloud technology market, providing high performance, reliability and ease of use of web applications. Examples of the practical application of the platform and its advantages in comparison with traditional approaches are given.

Threat Intelligence (TI) is information about current or emerging threats to information security that is used to enhance the protection of organizations. TI systems collect and analyze data from various sources, including open sources, closed sources, as well as data obtained from partners and clients. Analysis of TI systems is the process of evaluating the effectiveness of these systems in data collection and analysis, as well as in providing useful information for decision-making in the field of information security. In the modern digital world, where information security threats are becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated, the analysis of Threat Intelligence (TI) systems is becoming crucial for ensuring the security of information resources. Threat Intelligence is the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data on information security threats aimed at identifying threats to information security. In this context, the analysis of TI systems serves as an important tool for effectively understanding threats and taking measures to prevent them. This article is dedicated to examining the features, advantages, and disadvantages of Threat Intelligence system analysis. For example, TI analysis can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intrusion detection system. (IDS). Analysis can identify which types of attacks an IDS can detect and which it cannot. Based on the analysis results, a decision can be made regarding the need to upgrade the IDS system or to add additional protective measures.

This article examines the current problems and the devastating effects of phishing email attacks. The importance of preventive measures to protect organizations from data leakage and potential catastrophic consequences is emphasized. The main types of phishing attacks and the need to implement solutions based on artificial intelligence (AI) to effectively reduce risks are described. The work used methods for recognizing early signs of phishing using artificial intelligence and machine learning. Python and Google Colab were used for development, which made it possible to effectively analyze data and train models. Special attention was paid to the development of unique methods and the use of modern software. As a result of the study, data were obtained confirming the high effectiveness of AI tools in recognizing phishing attacks. Artificial intelligence technologies have significantly improved the accuracy of phishing detection and supported adaptation to new cyber threats. The analysis shows that the use of AI allows not only to detect attacks in a timely manner, but also to develop prevention strategies. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of integrating the developed methods into existing security systems. The work offers a strategic approach combining technological advances and organizational practices to create sustainable information security.

The multidimensional blockchain is a revolutionary evolution of traditional blockchain technology, offering a dynamic and efficient architecture for data storage and processing. This unique structure enhances scalability by distributing transaction loads across various chains, significantly improving processing speed and reducing latency. With these parallel chains, the risk of bottlenecks is minimized, allowing for much higher throughput and optimized data flow. Additionally, multidimensional blockchains offer stronger security by isolating data within specific chains, making it harder for malicious actors to access or tamper with the entire network. This architecture also helps reduce energy consumption by allowing resource allocation based on demand, unlike traditional blockchains that require high energy output for each transaction. Multidimensional blockchains can be customized to suit diverse business models, from finance and logistics to healthcare, adapting seamlessly to sector-specific needs. In summary, multidimensional blockchains present an adaptable, energy-efficient, and highly scalable solution that improves transaction speeds, security, and data management capabilities across industries.

This research project serves as a comprehensive meta-analysis in the field of agricultural science, specifically focusing on the prediction of crop yields. This endeavor involves collating and synthesizing findings from a variety of studies and articles that have explored different methodologies and models for forecasting agricultural outputs. The objective of this comprehensive review is to identify trends, methodologies, and key factors that consistently influence crop yield predictions across different studies.
It synthesizes methodologies from various studies, emphasizing machine learning (ML) techniques like Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). These studies integrate high-resolution satellite imagery with environmental indices such as NDVI, EVI, and LAI. Soil chemical properties (pH, nutrients) and satellite-derived data were used to enhance the prediction of crop yields for diverse crops. The findings highlight the comparative effectiveness of different models in handling the spatial and temporal variability of both above-ground and below-ground data, improving prediction accuracy under varying environmental and soil conditions.
Through this theoretical analysis, the research underscores the potential of advanced analytical models to transform agricultural monitoring and prediction, providing critical insights that can aid in the optimization of agricultural policies and resource management.

The depletion of high-grade copper ores and the increasing prevalence of lowgrade, high-sulfur copper concentrates present significant challenges to the copper smelting industry. Traditional smelting processes struggle to maintain economic viability and comply with environmental regulations when processing these complex ores. This paper details the development of a comprehensive software solution designed to simulate the smelting process for high-sulfur, copper-poor concentrates. The software employs a detailed mathematical model to predict the yields and compositions of products, including valuable metals, during the smelting process. It integrates multiple modules, such as ore input, smelting simulation, and results presentation, providing a userfriendly platform for optimizing smelting operations. Critical parameters like ore composition, smelting temperature, and flux addition are incorporated into the model, enabling accurate predictions of matte and slag outputs. By analyzing these outputs, the software aids in optimizing metal recovery and reducing losses, ultimately enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of copper production. This tool is particularly relevant for large sulfide copper ore deposits, such as those in Kazakhstan, which have high sulfur content and low copper levels. The software's ability to simulate different processing scenarios provides valuable insights for industrial applications, supporting the development of more efficient and eco-friendly smelting technologies. The comprehensive software solution not only addresses the technical challenges of processing high-sulfur, low-copper ores but also contributes to the industry's efforts to reduce environmental impact and improve resource management. This innovation represents a significant step forward in the optimization of copper smelting operations, promoting sustainability and efficiency in the face of declining ore quality.

 This paper discusses the optimization of arc spraying parameters to improve the properties of 30KhGSA steel coatings, which are widely used in the automotive industry. The use of highstrength steels such as 30KhGSA is  driven by the need to improve safety, energy efficiency and reduce emissions. The paper examines in detail the effects of compressed air pressure,  temperature and other spraying parameters on the quality of the coatings. The use of the supersonic arc spraying method made it possible to obtain coatings with improved mechanical properties such as hardness, wear resistance and adhesion strength. The experiments were carried out using an  electron microscope to analyze the cross-section of the coatings, as well as a profilometer to assess the surface roughness. The results demonstrate that increasing the compressed air pressure helps to reduce roughness and increase the hardness of the coating. The paper emphasizes the importance of optimizing the metallization parameters to improve the efficiency of  protective coatings under high operating conditions in the automotive industry. 

This article discusses the production of small-scale specialized equipment, particularly mini-tractors and mini-loaders. The main focus is on the relevance of using such machines in confined spaces and the specifics of small farms. Key aspects of the development and design of mini-equipment are presented, and the materials used and production processes are discussed. The results of studies on the efficiency of smallscale equipment in agricultural and construction sectors are described, along with their economic benefits, environmental safety, and practical value. Based on the research, conclusions are drawn about the necessity and prospects for developing small-scale specialized equipment as an effective solution for small businesses and private farms, and for reducing the import dependency of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Cyber threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated, posing a significant risk to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, such as SAP, which support the critical processes of large organizations. One of the most serious vulnerabilities in SAP is RECON (CVE-2020-6287), which received the maximum score of 10 on the CVSSv3 scale. Such a high rating indicates the critical danger of the vulnerability, allowing unauthorized attackers to gain administrative access to the systems. This can lead to data leaks, destabilization of business processes, and compromise of financial information.
To address the RECON issue, the article examines three key tools. INSTANT RECON from Onapsis ensures rapid vulnerability detection, minimizing the time lag between discovery and remediation. Offline Security offers threat protection methods applied in isolated systems. SAP Enterprise Threat Detection (ETD) allows monitoring activity in real-time, preventing potential attacks. These tools play a crucial role in data protection and ensuring the stability of business processes. Their use helps enhance the resilience of ERP systems against internal and external threats, strengthening the overall information security of organizations.

The article conducts a comprehensive study of modern software tools for evaluating the efficiency of production processes. Key metrics such as OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness), MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures), MTTR (Mean Time to Repair), labor productivity, and unit production costs are considered, which help enterprises measure and analyze performance. Particular attention is given to software solutions such as SAP ERP, Siemens Tecnomatix, and 1C, their functionality, integration capabilities, cost, and ease of implementation. A comparative analysis of these solutions based on a number of parameters is provided. Examples of successful implementation of software tools in enterprises are also considered, which led to a significant improvement in production indicators, such as cost reduction and increased productivity. The possibilities of system adaptation and modularity to meet the specific needs of enterprises are considered.

Security is a critically important aspect of modern Linux operating systems, with the kernel playing a central role in its provision. Acting as an intermediary between hardware resources and application software, the kernel controls access to system resources and manages process execution. One of its key functions is to protect the system from various cyber threats and attacks aimed at exploiting vulnerabilities at the operating system level. This paper examines the main security mechanisms implemented in the Linux kernel, including access control (SELinux, AppArmor), address space randomization (ASLR), memory protection (DEP, Stack Guard), and privilege restrictions. It discusses how these mechanisms prevent or mitigate the impact of attacks such as buffer overflows, malicious code injection, and privilege escalation. The effectiveness of these methods and their role in the overall cybersecurity strategy for Linux-based systems are analyzed.
Additionally, the paper highlights current trends and future prospects for the development of kernel security mechanisms, including the integration of hardware security tools and the use of machine learning technologies to detect threats. The importance of timely kernel and system component updates, as well as the active role of users and administrators in maintaining high-security standards, is emphasized. Thus, the article provides a comprehensive overview of how the Linux kernel contributes to preventing attacks at the operating system level and outlines measures that can be taken to enhance security in the future.

The article presents the results of research on the development and implementation of an intelligent control system for cleanroom parameters based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, carried out as part of a project to create an automated monitoring system for medical and industrial facilities. The regularities of the technological process of microclimate management in clean rooms, including temperature, humidity and air quality control, have been established, which ensures high accuracy and reliability of the system. The rational operating modes of the system, supported by IoT sensors and the SCADA platform, ensure stable environmental parameters, which increases the efficiency of medical equipment and reduces energy consumption. A design feature of the control system is proposed, which allows reducing energy consumption while increasing the accuracy of monitoring and maintaining optimal conditions in clean rooms, as well as integration with cloud platforms for remote monitoring and data analysis.

Food quality and safety is one of the most important aspects of the food industry. One of the key factors to ensure food safety is packaging. Increasing number of food packaging materials is creating a demand for promoting products and brands that are safe for consumption. Food spoilage due to poor quality packaging causes huge loss not only to businesses but also to consumers. Despite the effectiveness of existing practices, retailers still face many challenges, including the materials used and their possible interaction with food. In addition, the transfer of harmful materials from packaging materials to food is still an issue. This study presents the results of determining the migration of heavy metals used in different types of food packaging in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Determination of heavy metal migration was carried out in aqueous extract by atomic absorption spectrometry. The practical value of the above research is to study the content of lead, zinc and chromium in the composition of various types of paper food packaging. The study revealed that the average amount of chromium migration in food packaging was in compliance with the requirements set out in TR/TC 005 2011 ‘On safety of packaging’, the values of lead and zinc migration were close to the limits set out in the Technical Regulation, which should be considered as a potential risk to human health if they can be reused without any pre-treatment as a source of recycled cellulose fibre.

In Kazakhstan, food security issues are prioritized, especially with the growing demand for a variety of food products. In this context, ensuring the safety of bread products becomes particularly important for maintaining high quality, protecting consumer health, and enhancing market competitiveness. The HACCP system is aimed at preventing and managing risks, providing a proactive approach to product safety.
This article discusses the implementation of the HACCP system in the technology of gluten-free bread production, identifying critical control points (CCPs). The use of HACCP in production allows for improving the quality of the final product for consumers. The research identified microbiological, chemical, and physical risks, as well as corresponding critical control points. In the gluten-free bread production process, three CCPs were identified, and measures were developed to eliminate the identified hazards. The application of the HACCP system in the bakery industry helps to increase production efficiency, improve product quality, and reduce costs, playing a key role in enhancing the enterprise’s competitiveness.
For gluten-free bread production, composite flour was used based on the research results. The composition of the composite flour includes amaranth and chickpea flour, as well as wheat starch. The results of comprehensive research showed that the organoleptic, physicochemical properties, and the amino acid and vitamin composition of gluten-free bread are of high quality, which enhances its nutritional value and has a positive effect on consumers. In particular, the product’s taste, smell, and appearance were highly rated, and its physicochemical characteristics met established standards. Moreover, the balanced content of amino acids and vitamins makes the product beneficial for health, increasing its contribution to a healthy diet and consumer well-being.

The article proposes a mathematical model for the separation of wheat flour products into fractions in a radial flow, a pneumatic screw channel, and considers the problem of producing flour of the highest quality and nutritional value by dividing wheat flour into protein fractions. Differential equations for the separation of the flow of inhomogeneous flour particles under the action of centrifugal forces are given.
When solving mathematical equations, geometric, physical and boundary conditions and parameters of the flow of energy carrier (air) and small particles were set. In addition, when analyzing the forces acting on heterogeneous fine flour particles, the shape of the particles in the form of a ball was considered and, due to the absence of interactions between flour particles, they are in a carrier stream, the turbulent movement of the particles does not affect their average speed of movement.
Based on analytical expressions characterizing the flow of a homogeneous medium, depending on the geometric and technological parameters of the radial flow of the pneumatic screw channel, a mathematical model has been developed that allows calculating the speed and trajectory of flour particles when dividing them into fractions using a pneumatic separator, taking into account the influence of the direction of the vector of motion of a homogeneous medium with hydrodynamic parameters of wheat flour particles.
The mathematical model of the separation of wheat flour into fractions in a pneumatic screw channel considered in the article serves as the basis for preliminary calculations of the division of wheat flour into fractions according to aerodynamic parameters and the development of resource-saving technologies.

The study focuses on the comparative analysis of the physico-chemical and biochemical parameters of fresh apple juices from various varieties for cider production. Juices were prepared from three apple varieties: sample 1 – «Antonovka», sample 2 – «Grushovka Vernenskaya», and sample 3 – «Golden Delicious». Key indicators such as acidity, sugar content, and phenolic compounds were examined.
The results showed that the dry matter content in the first sample was 14,3±1,12%, which is 1,1% higher than the second sample but 0,6% lower than the third. The highest sugar content was found in the third sample, while the lowest was in the first. Vitamin C concentration was highest in the second sample (21,1±1,63 mg/100 ml), whereas the other varieties ranged from 14,2 to 15,6±2,21 mg/100 ml. The biochemical composition of the juices was largely similar; however, glucose and fructose levels in the second sample were 15,6% and 8,4% lower than in the first, and 22,8% and 20,5% lower than in the third. Total nitrogen was highest in the first sample, while amine nitrogen levels were consistent across all samples. Organoleptic parameters met standard requirements.
These findings highlight significant differences in the physicochemical and biochemical properties of juices from different apple varieties, underscoring the importance of careful selection for cider production. The choice of apple variety significantly affects the product's quality, taste, aroma, and chemical composition. For sweeter cider, «Golden Delicious» is recommended, while «Grushovka Vernenskaya» is suggested for higher vitamin C and beneficial compounds.

The article presents data on the state of goat milk in the village of B. Momyshuly in Zhualin district of Zhambyl region. In this article physicochemical and organoleptic properties of goat and cow milk, as well as their combination in the ratio of 1:1 for the production of brine cheeses were studied. Three samples were studied in the research process: cow's milk, a mixture of cow's and goat's milk, and goat's milk. The results obtained showed that the milk mixture had higher fat content (4.48%) compared to cow's milk (3.86%) and lower than that of goat's milk (5.0%). It is important to note that coagulation of goat milk is almost twice as fast due to the low kappa-casein content. This milk mixture resulted in a higher cheese yield (12.5%) compared to cheese from cow's milk (11%), but lower than that from goat's milk (14%).
The technological process of cheese production was adapted for a mixture of milk, which allowed to improve the organoleptic characteristics of the product. It was found that goat milk significantly affects the flavor and consistency of cheese, giving it a creamy flavor and delicate consistency. These data can be used in the dairy industry of Kazakhstan to expand the range of dairy products and create more nutritious cheeses. The research was conducted in the laboratory of the dairy enterprise for processing cow's milk «Aq Altyn».

The modern development of nutrition science has directed the vector of research towards the creation of functional and specialized food products. The rhythm of human life has also been gaining pace in recent years, as a result of which the diet is disrupted, the number and quality of meals decreases. Based on this, there is a need to create balanced nutritious snacks, additionally enriched with vitamins and minerals. Snacks are a finished product that does not require additional manipulations before use. The development of snacks with a high content of basic macro- and micronutrients will significantly improve the quality of nutrition of the population, ensure the intake of fiber, antioxidants and vitamins in a simple form. This review examines the latest research in the field of research on plant raw materials, the development of formulations and technologies for the production of snacks with increased nutrient composition.
In order to expand the range of products on the food market in the Republic of Kazakhstan based on recipes of national cuisine, the chemical composition and physical properties of the dish "Talkan", made in the prevailing majority from cereals and cereals, were studied in terms of its use as a basis for the production of snacks.

The paper examines the structural and mechanical properties of cheeses, which determine their texture, consistency and taste characteristics. Parameters such as hardness, elasticity, viscosity, and their dependence on chemical composition, production technology, and storage conditions are evaluated. The results of studies of the structural and mechanical properties of cheeses using an original device (Rheoplast) according to the author's methodology are presented. The uniaxial compression technique makes it possible to evaluate both the hardness of the cheese mass and the plastic properties characterized by stress relaxation. The strength and relaxation characteristics of soft, hard and semi-hard cheeses have been studied. The essence of the device is to measure the impact force of a pre-compressed cheese sample on the indenter. In this case, a cylindrical cheese sample with a diameter of 10mm and a height of 10 mm is subjected to 99 compression at a constant fixed speed by 30%, i.e. up to a height of 6.67 mm. At the same time, stress relaxation processes occur in the cheese, which are recorded by the measuring system of the device. The device consists of a measuring device with a mechanical system and a control unit connected by cable to a computer for data recording, the rheological properties of soft brine cheese produced from the enzyme preparation rennet enzyme brand SG-50 were studied

The production of low-calorie types of butter is growing annually. Reducing saturated fats in butter helps reduce the risk of diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes. An important factor in the production of butter is its food safety. This article provides studies on the food safety of unsalted sour-cream oil with vegetable fats for compliance with the requirements of technical regulations.
Standard methods were used to conduct the study. To this end, microbiological parameters, radionuclides, toxic elements, pesticides, and antibiotics were determined in butter. The obtained indicators were compared with a control sample (unsalted sour cream butter «Sandwich») and the norms of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union «On the safety of milk and dairy products» (TR CU 033/2013). The research results showed that the control sample and unsalted sour cream oil with vegetable fats meet the requirements of the technical regulations. Microbiological indicators allowed us to establish that in the prototype, the NMAaFAM index was 3,44 x 10⁸, which exceeded the control sample (2,05 x 10⁷), this indicates a high biological value of the product and a high content of probiotic cultures, at the same time, the requirements of the technical regulations do not normalize this indicator for sour-cream oil varieties. Yeast was also found in the control sample, as they are contained in the fermented milk starter culture «Em – Kurunga», used in the production of unsalted sour cream oil with vegetable fats. Other indicators, such as radionuclides, mycotoxins, antibiotics, toxic elements, pesticides, did not exceed the requirements of the technical regulations. The finished product is safe and can be sold to consumers.

Contemporary prune production is largely driven by industry and market demands. Uniform dimensions and color, balanced taste and attractive flavor are appreciated by consumers. In addition, dried plum is considered a rich source of the essential phytochemicals, mainly polyphenolic compounds. Drying is an effective method of fruit preservation. Drying can maintain the quality of the finished product, but the decisive factor in this process is the method chosen, the equipment and the parameters of the thermal agent. In this work, drying in an infrared cabinet was used as an effective and progressive method that reduces the drying time while preserving the bioactive substances of the initial raw material. To produce a prune authors used the plum species (Prunus domestica L. – domestic plum) of the genus Prunus, the variety «Vengerka domashnya», cultivated in the south of Kazakhstan and as the most suitable variety for obtaining prunes. The results of the study showed that despite the shorter drying time at higher temperature (80°C), drying carried out at 60°C for 10 hours was more effective in terms of polyphenol preservation. Although drying fresh plums causes significant chemical changes, prunes dried in an infrared dryer at temperature 60°C can be considered a functional food due to the high levels of antioxidants: polyphenolic substances in amount 169.51±0.58 mg GAE/100 g DW and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in amount 64.27±0.65 mg equivalents of α-tocopherol/ g extract.

This article reflects the results of the conducted research on the cheese suitability of milk from cows of different breeds of the Pavlodar region and the development and improvement of production technology for a new type of enriched soft cheese for functional purposes. At the first stage of the research, a review of special and scientific, technical and patent literature was conducted on the trend in the development of technology for the production of natural rennet soft cheese using raw materials of vegetable origin. Further, in the course of the research work, experimental studies were conducted on the suitability of milk from 3 breeds of cows of the Pavlodar region «Simmental», «Red Steppe» and «Kazakh white-headed» for rennet coagulation. According to the results of the conducted research, cow's milk of the Simmental breed was selected as the main raw material for the production of enriched soft cheese. Then several variants of a mixture of good-quality milk of cows «Simmental» and less good-quality milk of cows of the breed «Krasnaya Stepnaya» were compiled in various ratios (90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50) and accordingly, the process of rennet coagulation of selected variants of raw milk using selected starter cultures and rennet was investigated enzymes. According to the results obtained, it was also found that the enzyme «Natural Rennet» and the starter culture «Lactoferm ECO» also have a very high coagulation activity of various milk mixtures. The dynamics of changes in titrated acidity during coagulation of a mixture (60-40 and 50-50) of raw milk from cows of the Simmental breed and less raw milk from cows of the Krasnaya Stepnaya breed reached the maximum index for titrated acidity Further, studies were conducted on the selection and justification of additives of plant origin – as functional components in the formulation of a new type of enriched soft cheese for functional nutrition. According to the results of the research, a milk – vegetable composition (milk – protein clot and vegetable paste) was developed as a functional additive for the production of enriched soft cheese and its concentration in the component composition of enriched soft cheese was determined. As a result, samples of soft cheese with chickpea paste in the amount of 2-4% were selected. It was found that with an increase in the dose of vegetable filler of 6-10% leads to a deterioration in organoleptic parameters, i.e. an overly pronounced taste of the bean component.

Ensuring food safety encompasses various political, social, technical, economic, medical, and other aspects. There are numerous analytical tools available for this purpose, among which technical regulation plays a crucial role. It establishes both mandatory and voluntary requirements for products and processes, serving as a legal foundation for setting prices that comply with these standards, as well as for governing relationships between stakeholders. The quality of food products is assessed for conformity with established technical regulations, standards, and specifications, with safety remaining the primary concern.
Nutrition is a key factor influencing public health. Proper dietary practices help prevent various diseases, enhance life expectancy, and improve overall productivity. Bread occupies a vital role in the diet of Kazakhstanis, as it is a staple food. Data indicate that baked goods contribute approximately 30% of the body's energy requirements, along with 20-30% of plant-based proteins and up to 30% of carbohydrates.
However, traditional bread varieties can adversely affect health and may trigger celiac disease. Over the past decade, researchers have increasingly focused on the issue of gluten intolerance found in cereals. The prevalence of individuals allergic to gluten-containing products is on the rise, with statistics showing that 1 in 262 people is affected. Unlike many other allergies, gluten allergy can lead to severe gastrointestinal disruptions.
Studies on the health of individuals with celiac disease reveal a significant demand for gluten-free food products. In this context, there is a proposal to develop beneficial gluten-free baked goods by incorporating various types of gluten-free raw materials into the recipes.

The article describes the preparation of a biscuit with the replacement of wheat flour with buckwheat flour. The purpose of the general work is to enrich the composition of the biscuit product using buckwheat flour. The problem of the ability to eat properly directly concerns food producers from many countries of the world. Buckwheat flour is the basis of gluten-free production, and the improvement of confectionery production technology allows to expand the range of gluten-free food products of domestic production and makes it available to a large number of consumers. The technology of biscuit production, obtained as a result of experimental studies using raw materials from local plants, will be very important and useful for the human body. A recipe and technology for the production of semi-finished biscuit with the addition of buckwheat flour have been developed. The qualitative indicators of the developed biscuit semi-finished product are investigated. To obtain a biscuit semi-finished product, various ratios of buckwheat and wheat flour were considered. Technological parameters of biscuit production have been developed, since wheat flour, traditionally used for biscuit production, has been replaced by buckwheat flour. The influence of flour made from buckwheat on the quality of the biscuit product has been studied. The optimal amounts of the main raw materials and non-traditional types of enriched mixtures are justified, which allow improving the quality indicators of biscuit products, including organoleptic and physicochemical indicators. The issues of improving the assortment of biscuit semi-finished products are considered. In the review of biscuit semi-finished products, replacing wheat flour with non-traditional flour improves the quality of products and increases their nutritional value.

The article presents the results of a study on the organoleptic, physical, and chemical properties of four samples of mare’s milk obtained from a farm in the village of «Shalkode», Rayimbek District, Almaty Region. The MilkoScan FT 1 milk analyzer was used to determine the qualitative indicators of the milk, with a comparative analysis of the average results obtained during the summer and autumn seasons.
The study of the physicochemical properties of mare’s milk from the village of “Shalkode” aimed to assess its nutritional value. The key parameters analyzed included fat content, protein content, dry matter, lactose, glucose, and casein.
The fat content of the milk was found to range between 1,95% and 2,03%, which corresponds to the average fat content of mare’s milk. The protein content ranged between 1,5% and 2,2%, highlighting the high biological value of the milk. The dry matter content was 11,73%-11,75%, indicating a rich composition of minerals and nutrients.
The lactose level was measured at 7,01%, contributing to the sweet taste of the milk and serving as a primary energy source. The glucose content was approximately 0,27%-0,28%, reflecting the stability of the indicators under proper care and feeding conditions. The casein content ranged from 1,27% to 1,31%, confirming the high protein quality of the milk.
Overall, the study results highlight the high nutritional value of mare’s milk. All physicochemical parameters were stable and of high quality.

This paper will describe the result of analysis of local wild sea buckthorn products taken as an object of research for further enrichment of food products with valuable vitamins and minerals.
Sea buckthorn is a valuable source of a number of important biologically active compounds. Its fruits contain water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, lipids, polyphenols, carbohydrates, amino acids and minerals. Nevertheless, it is of great interest because of the presence of its unique oil, which has high physiological activity and is used in the treatment of a number of diseases.
A brief description of a high-performance liquid chromatograph used for analytical purposes is given. Standard solutions of vitamins, phosphoric acid, acetonitrile for liquid chromatography were used for analysis. In the method of vitamin determination we start with the preparation of the sample to be analyzed and show Step by Step method of analysis.
The nutritional value as a result of the analysis was given in the form of a ring diagram and it was observed that sea buckthorn contains considerable, that is, 81 - 89% water, so it belongs to the group of juicy fruits. It was found that sea buckthorn is rich in fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins (groups E, B) and macro- and micro - elements useful for proper formation of the body.

Lignocellulose biomass (LCB) is an important resource for the production of biofuels and other highvalue products. The main components of LCB are cellulose and lignin, which are difficult to decompose. Recent research has focused on the use of cellulolytic microorganisms, such as Bacillus subtilis bacteria, Trichoderma reesei fungi and Penicillium oxalicum, to effectively break down these components. The article provides an overview of modern achievements, including the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES), which showed an improvement in the availability of cellulose and an increase in sugar yield up to 80%. The use of agro-industrial waste, such as rice straw, as a substrate for the production of enzymes, helps to reduce the cost of production and supports circular bioeconomics.
Strategies to increase the efficiency of enzymatic processing are described, including the development of multi-enzyme complexes and genetically modified strains of microorganisms. For example, the use of multifunctional enzymes from Clostridium cellulosi allowed to increase the yield of sugars by 30%. The possibilities of integrating mushroom co-cultures and hydrothermal processing methods that provide a synergistic effect in the processing of LCB are considered.
Special attention is paid to key enzymes such as cellulases, hemicellulases and ligninases and their role in the breakdown of plant polymers. Prospects for further research are discussed, including the development of thermostable enzymes, the introduction of environmentally friendly processing methods and the integration of new technologies into industrial biorefineries.

This paper describes the result of the study of qualitative indicators of sea buckthorn raw material, revealing the content of the pressing process depending on the purpose of the research work.
Sea buckthorn is a valuable source of a number of important biologically active compounds. Raising the question of sea buckthorn processing industry is due to the valuable properties of multivitamin crops.
In the course of research of the process of obtaining wild sea buckthorn juice, experimental juicing equipment was described. The pressure self-regulation mechanism equipped with a screw press design in the working area, which provides the technical result, is characterized. Through the self-regulating pressure mechanism in the working zone, eliminating the need for manual force, we achieve an increase in the operability of the equipment, intensifying the juicing process.
The characterization of the instruments for measuring the actual juice yield, density and ultimate shear stress of sea buckthorn raw material used during the experiment is given.
Depending on the speed of juice extraction and pressing time, qualitative indicators of the studied sea buckthorn raw material were determined, graphical relations of the obtained values were deduced and characterized.
The data obtained as a result of the study of qualitative indicators of sea buckthorn raw material were taken into account in determining the optimal parameters of the juicer for the food industry.

The article evaluates the biosafety of microorganisms based on the study of the pathogenicity and nature of side effects of a new probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei – 010K isolated from koumiss. The paper presents data on the determination of potentially pathogenic signs in vitro, virulence, allergenic and irritant sensitizing effects and the study of toxicological effects. According to the existing classification of strains (Maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of producing microorganisms, bacterial preparations and their components in the air of the working area Hygienic standards GN 2.2.6.709-98), the new strain of Bifidobacterium crudilactis 7-1C belongs to the 4th hazard class. It can be used to develop biological products in order to increase the vegetation of fish, prevent and treat the aura of fish, improve the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of the stomach.

In the article the expert analytical review of literature sources on the basis of set tasks on realization of the purpose of increasing the efficiency of safflower oil purification using secondary raw materials of grain and oilseed crops processing is carried out, the object of research and the purpose of technology of effective purification of safflower oil are defined. Methods of using secondary raw materials as filtering materials were analyzed, linen fiber is proposed as an optimal filtering material. Multifactorial experimental studies were carried out for the application of filtering material consisting of recycled processing raw materials in industrial equipment. We saw that when purification with filter media composed of recycled recycled processing raw materials, the safflower oil yield increased due to pump pressure. Under the influence of the pump pressure of 180-10-3 Pa, we can relate that the oil yield decreased and the capacity of the filter media decreased, and we can see that the safflower oil yield also increased due to the increase in filtration rate. As a result of filtering safflower oil through linseed fiber in a frame filter with a filtration rate of 0.1 L/s, the safflower oil yield increased to 93%. As a result of the study of fatty acid, inorganic composition and the amount of vitamens of safflower oil, we see a decrease in the content of saturated fatty acids and an increase in the content of mono- and polyunsaturated acids (oleic, behenic, cis-10-heptadecenoic and cis-linoleic acids), and we also observe that the inorganic composition meets all the norms, and the content of vitamin E increases.
In the research work, frame filter press of FPR brand is used for purification of vegetable oil. As a result, the parametric dependencies of effective purification of safflower oil using filtering materials consisting of secondary raw materials of processing in a frame row filter press are substantiated and a rational solution for application in production is found.

For the EAEU countries and, in particular, for the Republic of Kazakhstan, the use of wastefree processing of raw materials is extremely relevant. Such industries include medium and small meat processing plants. In the waste-free technology of meat products, the production of dry feed has a high nutritional value compared to other feed products. In the production of dry feed at large enterprises, continuously operating high-performance equipment is widely used to separate liquid heterogeneous systems.
However, for small and medium-sized enterprises, the development course of which is carried out in the republic, the same continuously operating equipment of low productivity is necessary. In this regard, the development of such equipment is a very urgent task. At the same time, numerous previous studies were mainly aimed at studying the technological and dynamic side of the centrifugation process of high-performance machines used in related industries, in particular, chemical, whereas such studies were not carried out for small and medium-sized machines. This is especially true for the meat industry, where the processes of cetrifugation of liquid systems are insufficiently studied. This is due to the fact that meat products are a complex colloidal-dispersed system consisting of tightly adjacent moisture and dry residue, which has a high adsorption capacity. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of centrifugation have not been fully studied. Insufficient attention was paid to the technological features of production along with the design features of the equipment. In this regard, the production of dry feed is in demand, since the latter have a high nutritional value superior to other feed products. In the production of dry animal feed, the centrifugation process is used to separate fat from flakes. The use of the centrifugation process in the separation of fat from the flakes ensures high quality of the resulting fat. Moreover, this quality is much higher than that of fat obtained in the processes of pressing and extraction of raw materials.
As a result, significant energy savings in small and medium-sized production with scaling to the entire meat processing industry contribute to improving the overall environmental situation. In this regard, the importance of further development of «green» energy is increasing.

This paper presents the results of a study of the temperature fields of combustion products of nondesign coal from the Karazhyra open pit in the combustion space of a boiler unit. The purpose of the work is to establish operating conditions for the combustion chamber of the KV-T-116.3-150 boiler unit, ensuring the absence of slagging of radiation heating surfaces, reliable circulation in the boiler and minimal heat loss when burning off-design fuel.
Experimental studies were carried out to determine the temperature of combustion products of nondesign fuel, which made it possible to construct gas isotherms and evaluate the operation of the boiler combustion chamber. Laboratory tests were also carried out on samples of non-design fuel, and its qualitative composition was determined. Heat losses during combustion of non-design fuel have been determined. Data on the efficiency of the boiler installation with variable heating output were obtained, and the optimal operating mode of the boiler unit was established.
The subject of this work is of particular interest due to the need to control and reduce the intensity of slagging and contamination of heating surfaces, reduce the level of harmful emissions, and intensify heat exchange processes in the flues of boiler plants when burning modern fuels.
To examine the heat exchange processes in the boiler, the method of pyrometric study of the combustion space was used at different heat outputs.

The article presents a study of a refrigeration unit operating in two modes – heating and cooling. The study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the system for each mode.
In the process of efficiency analysis, heat flows passing through key components of the installation, such as a condenser and an evaporator, were taken into account.
The analytical dependences of the heat load on the evaporator and the compressor power, the refrigeration coefficient and the transformation coefficient relative to the temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the heat exchanger are given, comparative cycles of a heat pump with an intermediate heat exchanger for steady-state cooling and heating modes were constructed, and their nodal points were analyzed.
The results showed differences in characteristics depending on the operating mode of the system, which made it possible to identify optimal conditions for increasing the overall efficiency of the installation.
The balance points for the heating and cooling mode were identified, where the thermal load on the evaporator is equalized with the compressor power.
Analytical dependences of the installation characteristics for both the cooling and heating modes were obtained.
The accuracy of the approximation of all the obtained lines was more than 0,95.
As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the refrigeration system works more efficiently in heating mode, and the optimal temperature of the coolant for cooling and heating modes was 5,5°С и 9°С respectively.

This work examines the influence of parameters of electrofrictional processing (current, processing speed) on the mechanical-tribological properties of construction steels 65G and 40Kh. Electrofrictional processing is based on the simultaneous melting of the surfaces of a cast iron electrode and a soil-processing tool blade, achieved by introducing energy through low-voltage electric arcs and cooling with water. The results of the study showed that during electrofrictional processing, the speed of sample movement relative to the rotating electrode affects the thickness of the processed layer.
High-speed processing forms a relatively shallow hardening depth and large dimensions of the transition zone (about 1 mm) with a smooth decrease in microhardness. Low-speed processing can result in the formation of microcracks in the deposited layer. Electrofrictional processing of 65G steel with a current of 300 A increases the microhardness of the surface layer three times, while for 40Kh steel, it increases four times, compared to the initial values of 297 HV_0.1 and 238 HV_0.1, respectively. The wear intensity of 40Kh and 65G steels, hardened by electrofrictional processing with current values of 100 A, 200 A, and 300 A, is 2-3 times lower than that of non-hardened steels, indicating the significant effectiveness of this hardening method in abrasive wear.

One of the most promising methods to improve the operational properties and increase the service life of products is the application of functional coatings using various sputtering technologies. Considering the high resistance to wear and corrosion of Cr₃C₂-NiCr metal-ceramic composition, such coatings have started to be actively used to protect steel elements in hot parts of boilers designed for waste incineration, as well as in electric furnaces and equipment operating on natural gas.This study examines the effect of pulse-plasma treatment distance on the structural characteristics of the surface layer of Cr₃C₂-NiCr detonation coatings. We study a process involving the deposition of such coatings using a detonation device and then their treatment by pulse plasma. The results show that after such treatment, melting and levelling of the structural components of the coatings occurs without leading to their destruction by the plasma pulses. The microstructure of the coatings is a molten Cr₃C₂-NiCr based metal-ceramic material. After pulse plasma treatment, Cr₂O₃ chromium oxide phases are found on the surface, the intensity of Cr₃C₂ peaks increases and new Cr₃C₂ reflections appear, indicating an increase in the Cr₃C₂ phase content. It is also observed that the microstructure becomes more homogeneous after this treatment, which leads to the densification of the Cr₃C₂-NiCr-based detonation coating.

The process of osseointegration largely depends on the surface roughness, structure, chemical composition and mechanical characteristics of the coating. In this regard, an important direction in the development of medical materials is the development of new technologies for surface modification and the creation of bioactive ceramic coatings. Calcium phosphate materials based on hydroxyapatite are offered as bioactive ceramic coatings on titanium implants to effectively accelerate bone healing. The article discusses the results of a study of the formation of a hydroxyapatite coating on a titanium substrate during detonation spraying. The powders for spraying and the resulting coatings from hydroxyapatite were studied by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. It was determined that the appearance of α-Ca₃(PO₄)₂ phases is typical for a coating of pure hydroxyapatite obtained by detonation spraying, but the hydroxyapatite phase remains in the coating composition. The results obtained using Raman spectroscopy indicate that hydroxyapatite is the main phase in coatings. The morphology of the sprayed coatings was characterized using SEM, and the elemental composition of the coatings was analyzed using EDS. The EDS analysis showed that the elemental composition of the obtained coatings is similar to the elemental composition of the initial powder, which is very important for the characteristics of biocompatibility and preservation of the service life of coatings.

The purpose of the study is to study the influence of nanofiller (aluminum nitride and nanoalmases) on the structure and physical and chemical properties of epoxy polymer composites and surface functionality of these nanoparticles with amino acetic acid. In the course of the study, the optimal concentrations of 5% and 7.5% of the amino acetic acid required to ensure uniform distribution of nanoalmases (NA) and aluminum nitride (AlN) particles in the polymer matrix. It was found that the listed concentrations of the functionalizing agent lead to a significant increase in the mechanical properties of composites: as a result of the introduction of functionalized nanofillers with nano-fillers, an increase in bending strength, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, impact resistance and heat resistance of epoxy composites was observed. The maximum increase was 6-50%. 0.1 drunk. HA and 0.05 drunk.H. With the introduction of AlN, the greatest mechanical and thermal characteristics were achieved, that is, this led to an increase in heat resistance from 100-110°C to 132-168°C. Pure and functional nanoparticles have also increased fire resistance by reducing mass loss and increasing the oxygen index. In general, these nanocomposite materials have exceptional mechanical, thermal and refractory properties, which is very important for modern applications with stable strength and fire resistance.

Plants are a raw material source for obtaining various biologically active complexes, and their isolation can be used to obtain new drugs with diverse biological activities. As sources of biologically active substances, plants of the genus Alhagi, the species Alhagi Kirgisorum Schrenk (zhantak – Kyrgyz camel thorn), are of great interest. Alhagi Kirgisorum Schrenk, which was collected during the flowering period in the Shelek district, Almaty region, in 2023, is an aboveground part of the plant species. Analysis of biologically active substances in plant raw materials, consideration of effective technological parameters for extracting biologically active complexes from plants using ultrasonic extraction, and study of the pharmacological activity of the obtained medicinal preparations are important issues. In order to isolate the complex of tannins from plant raw materials: 50% ethanol solvent and ultrasonic extraction and maceration methods, a ratio of raw materials: extractant – 1:8 was proposed. The composition of this plant is very rich in secondary metabolites, including tannin substances, and it is known that their share is 4,92%. The complex obtained by using two different methods: maceration and ultrasonic extraction was subjected to component analysis, and it was found that the extract obtained by ultrasonic extraction contained more tannin substances. The anticholinesterase biological activity of the complex showed 48,20±4,39% against AChE, 4,21±0,39% against BChE, antidiabetics by the α-Amylase inhibitory activity against was 2807,63±0,10, α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was 183,51±0,80. Also, against oxidation process: ABTS+ assay 12,52±2,16 (6,25-50 µg/mL), DPPH assay 15,70±0,46 (3,125-25 µg/mL), CUPRAC 20,82±0,02 (6,25-50 µg/mL) and according to β- carotene/linoleic acid analysis showed 38,73±0,75 (3,125-25 µg/mL) activity.

NiS and NiS₂ co-catalysts were decorated on the surface of g-C₃N₄ through ion exchange reaction by precipitation method. Synthesized double systems were investigated using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and TEM elemental mapping. XRD and FT-IR analyses showed the presence of g-C3N4 in the composition of g-C₃N₄/NiS and g-C₃N₄/NiS₂, however the presence of nickel sulfides was not identified. SEM analysis showed that double systems have heterogeneous systems, the stacked flat sheets with wrinkles and an irregular shape morphology and rough surface, where the presence of irregular shape pores is visible. TEM proved the presence of irregularly shaped layers of g-C₃N₄, and TEM elemental mapping showed the presence of nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and nickel. The ability of the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by prepared samples revealed, that g-C₃N₄/NiS₂ manifests the highest hydrogen evolution rate in comparison with g-C₃N₄/NiS and g-C₃N₄. Thus, the highest evolution rate of hydrogen was reached by g-C₃N₄/NiS₂ on the 3^rd hour of the visible light irradiation and was equal to 56.79 μmolh^-1g^-1.

This study explores the tribological properties of Ni-Cr-Al coatings applied through detonation spraying technology, with a focus on the comparison between gradient coatings and homogeneous coatings. Ni-Cr-Al coatings, widely used in aerospace, automotive, and energy industries like power plants, are valued for their exceptional hardness, wear resistance, and high-temperature stability. Gradient coatings, produced by tailoring the detonation spraying parameters, exhibit a microstructure combining a hard, wear-resistant surface with a softer, ductile subsurface, enhancing their load-bearing capacity and tribological performance. Experimental results reveal that gradient coatings achieve lower and more stable friction coefficients (0.3-0.4) compared to homogeneous coatings (0,4-0,5), attributed to their optimized stress distribution and reduced adhesive interactions. These findings underscore the superior wear resistance and durability of gradient Ni-Cr-Al coatings, making them highly suitable for applications involving prolonged operation under sliding conditions. This research contributes to the development of advanced coating systems optimized for demanding operational environments.

The article presents the results of a study of agrochemical indicators of fertility of the arable layer (0-20 CM) of purple soil of the agrobiolaboratory of NPJSC «Shakarim University of Semey». Mechanical, elemental and gravimetric analysis of 40 soil samples from 7 shares of cereals, legumes and vegetable crops was carried out. Of organic substances (4,49%), macronutrients (total nitrogen – 71,81 kg/ha; mobile phosphorus – from 0.37 to 0.88 mg/g; mobile potassium – from 0,26 to 0,47 mg/g; Na – 0,16-0,54 mg/g; Ca – 2,29-3,57 mg / g; Mg – 0,43-1,64 mg/g; Al – 0,82-2,41 mg/g) and trace elements (Mn – 0,12-0,39 mg/g; Cr – 0,10-0,11 mg/g; Fe – 0,43-0,80 mg/g), pH of the soil solution (рН 7,7, рН 6,7) optimal performance indicators. According to the results of the study, the limiting factors of soil fertility are humidity and mechanical composition. Currently, it is necessary to develop reclamation measures to improve the low moisture content of the soil (11,72%,) and poor structure (aggregates from 1 to 5 mm by 10-30%). The results of agrochemical analysis of soil samples made it possible to create a soil database of the agrobiolaboratory for further monitoring studies.

Oil and refined petroleum products are widely used as raw materials and reagents in various industries – energy, automotive oil production, chemical, paint and varnish products, coal flotation enrichment processes, etc. Іn addіtion, oіl bіtumen іs usеd in the сonstruction оf buildіng mаterials and highwаys, as well as in thе repair of aіrfіelds. Petroleum products, including bitumen, consist of organic compounds of various structures and compositions, including paraffin-naphthenic, alkyl-exchange, mono and bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, unsaturated and heteroatomic compounds. Saving materials for modern road construction and improving their quality is becoming one of the main problems of modern production technologies. In order to process oil waste and reduce the impact of heavy oil waste on the environment, they must be used as secondary mineral raw materials. In addition, the issue of high-quality coatings for laying highways has long been relevant in various regions of Kazakhstan. The article discusses problems of oil ozonation and an assessment of the effect of products on the chemical composition is proposed. To this end, an analytical review of the research work of the leading researchers of the country and foreign countries was conducted.

This article discusses the possibility of using natural zeolite from the Changkanai deposit as a filler for rubber compounds. Numerous studies devoted to the study of the effects of mineral fillers on the characteristics of rubber indicate the prospects and possibilities for the development of this field.
When filling rubbers with mineral components under standard conditions, a number of positive effects are observed. In particular, this leads to a reduction in the cost of the material, improvement of its elasticstrength characteristics and optimization of the technological properties of the composition. These changes are important for the industry, where cost and material quality control plays a key role.
The urgent task of this work is to replace expensive fillers with more affordable alternatives, in order to preserve all the required characteristics of rubber compounds. Therefore, the new ingredients must provide the same or improved properties so that the finished product meets the standards and operational requirements. Maintaining strength, elasticity, wear resistance and other key indicators becomes a top priority in the search and implementation of substitutes, which reduces costs without loss of product quality.
Within the framework of the study, the objects of study are zeolites of the Changkanai deposit and rubbers used for the production of dielectric mats, which must have high electrical insulating properties and mechanical strength.
To analyze the physico-chemical properties of zeolites, studies using IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out. These methods provide detailed information about the structure and composition of zeolite powders, which is critically important for assessing their potential as fillers for rubber.
As a result of experimental studies, it was found that the rubber mixture obtained with partial replacement of white soot with zeolite from the Changkanai deposit demonstrates satisfactory physical and mechanical properties. This opens up new prospects for the use of natural zeolites in the rubber industry, contributing to both cost reduction and improvement of the quality of the final product.
Thus, the results of the work emphasize the importance of further research in this area aimed at optimizing the compositions of rubber compounds using affordable and environmentally friendly materials such as natural zeolites.

This study investigates the durability and corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr-Al detonation-sprayed coatings when exposed to high-temperature environments containing molten Na₂SO₄ and NaCl. Such conditions are highly corrosive and frequently encountered in aerospace, energy, and chemical industries. Gradient and homogeneous Ni-Cr-Al coatings were compared to understand their behavior under aggressive exposure. The reveal of results those gradient coatings exhibit superior corrosion resistance due to their ability to retain protective oxides, such as Cr₂O₃, and mitigate stress-induced damage through compositional grading. In contrast, homogeneous coatings displayed significant degradation, including widespread corrosion, delamination, and the formation of sodium-based phases like NaNiO₂. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of oxidation and sulfidation products, with gradient coatings showing enhanced stability against phase transitions. These findings highlight the potential of gradient Ni-Cr-Al coatings to improve component performance in extreme conditions and provide valuable insights for optimizing coating compositions and processes to enhance operational reliability in harsh environments.