OPTIMISATION OF TECHNOLOGY AND SELECTION OF BIOSORBENTS BASED ON HAWTHORN, MOUNTAIN ASH AND MOTHERWORT TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF FERMENTED MILK PRODUCT

The accelerated development of urbanisation brings with it environmental problems and adverse effects on human health. Air pollution, water pollution and limited access to natural resources are becoming serious challenges. However, innovative products incorporating enterosorption technologies present a potential solution to improve public health. These products contribute to the effective removal of toxic substances from the body, mitigating the negative health effects of urbanisation.
In the context of yoghurt with LABR, it has been found to be more stable to whey separation and moisture retention. Prebiotics have a positive effect on water retention, although this effect may diminish over time. The optimal concentration of LABR bacteria also emphasises the importance of a precise balance, after which additional increases do not bring significant improvements. These results can be used to optimise the production of yoghurt, taking into account its structure and properties over its shelf life.
Considering the study data, it can be concluded that an optimal combination of L. acidophilus bacterial concentration and metal concentration, reached on the fourth day after the addition of prebiotics, is necessary to maximise the efficiency of heavy metal bioremediation. These results have practical implications for heavy metal removal processes in aqueous media, providing a basis for optimising bioremediation conditions in industrial and environmental applications.

1. Biosorption of heavy metals by lactic acid bacteria and identification of mercury binding protein / H. Kinoshita, Y. Sohma, F. Ohtake and etc. // Researches in Microbiology. – 2013. – Vol. 164(7), P. 701709. DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2013.04.004.

2. Kang C.H. Bioremediation of heavy metals by using bacterial mixtures / C.H. Kang, Y. Kwon, J.S. So // Ecological Engineering. – 2016. – Vol. 8. – P. 64-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.01.023.

3. Characterization of the binding capacity of mercurial species in Lactobacillus strains / C. Alcántara, C. Jadán‐Piedra, D. Vélez and etc. // Journal of Science Food Agriculture. – 2017. – Vol. 97. – P. 5107-5113. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8388.

4. Zoghi A. Surface binding of toxins and heavy metals by probiotics / A. Zoghi, K. Khosravi‐Darani, S. Sohrabvandi // Mini Reviews in Medical Chemistry. – 2014. – Vol. 14. – P. 84-98.

5. Studies of cadmium (II) lead (II) nickel(II) cobalt(II) and chromium(VI) sorption on extracellular polymeric substances produced by Rhodococcus opacus and Rhodococcus rhodochrous / R. Dobrowolski, A. Szcześ, M. Czemierska, A. Jarosz-Wikołazka // Bioresources Technology. – 2017. – Vol. 225. – P. 113–120. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.040.

6. The role of probiotic bacteria in removal of heavy metals / N.G. Allam, E.M. Ali, S. Samya, E. Abd-Elrahman // Egyptian Journal of Environmental Research. – 2015. – Vol. 3. – P. 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jgpt.2005.11.024.

7. New insight into effective biosorption of lead from aqueous solution using Ralstonia solanacearum: Characterization and mechanism studies / A. Pugazhendhi, G.M. Boovaragamoorthy, K. Ranganathan and etc. // Journal of Clean Production. – 2018. – Vol. 174. – P. 1234-1239. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.061.

8. Bioremoval by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Milk / R. Massoud, K. Khosravi-Darani, A. Sharifan and etc. // Journal of Medicine Microbiological Infectious Disease. – 2020. – Vol. 1. – P. 169-176. DOI: 10.20944/preprints202007.0264.v1.

9. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria‐based probiotics as potential heavy metal sorbents / J.N. Bhakta, K. Ohnishi, Y. Munekage and etc. // Journal of Applied Microbiology. – 2012. – Vol. 112(6). – P. 1193-1206. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05284.x.

10. Development and optimization of an immunoassay for the detection of Hg (II) in lake water / X. Jin, R. He, X. Ju and etc. // Food Science Nutrition. – 2019. – Vol. 12. – P. 1-8. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.991.

11. Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins: validity of the widely cited ‘FAO estimate’ of 25 / M. Eskola, G. Kos, C.T. Elliott and etc. // Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. – 2020. – Vol. 60. – P. 2773-2789. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1658570.

12. Decontamination of aflatoxins by lactic acid bacteria / A. Liu, Y. Zheng, L. Liu and etc. // Current Microbiology. – 2020. – Vol. 77. – P. 3821-3830. DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02220-y.

13. Ayangbenro A.S. A new strategy for heavy metal polluted environments: a review of microbial biosorbents / A.S. Ayangbenro, O.O. Babalola // International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 14. – P. 94. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010094.

14. Lead and cadmium biosorption from milk by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 / R. Massoud, K. Khosravi-Darani, A. Sharifan and etc. // Food Science & Nutrition. – 2020. – Vol. 8. – P. 5284-5291. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1825.

15. Decontamination of aflatoxins with a focus on aflatoxin B1 by probiotic bacteria and yeasts: a review / K. Khosravi Darani, A. Zoghi, S. Jazayeri, A.G. Cruz // Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences. 2020. – Vol. 10. – P. 424-435. DOI: 10.15414/jmbfs.2020.10.3.424-435.

16. Surface binding of toxins and heavy metals by probiotics / A. Zoghi, K. Khosravi-Darani S. Sohrabvandi // Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 2014. – Vol. 14. – P. 84-98. DOI: 10.2174/1389557513666131211105554.

17. Effect of probiotics on patulin removal from synbiotic apple juice / A. Zoghi, K. Khosravi-Darani, S. Sohrabvandi and etc. // Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. – 2017. – Vol. 97. – P. 2601-2609. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8082.

18. Patulin removal from synbiotic apple juice using Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 / A. Zoghi, K. Khosravi-Darni, S. Sohrabvandi // Journal of Applied Microbiology. – 2018. – Vol. 126. – P. 1149-1160. DOI: 10.1111/jam.14172.

19. Role of the lactobacilli in food bio-decontamination: friends with benefits / A. Zoghi, R. Massoud, S.D. Todorov, and etc. // Enzyme and Microbial Technology. – 2021. – Vol. 150. DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109861.

20. In vitro removal of deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin by lactic acid bacteria / Z.Y. Zou, Z.F. He, H.J. Li and etc. // Food Science and Biotechnology. – 2012. – Vol. 21. – P. 1677-1683. DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0223-x.

21. Production of yogurt from goat and sheep milk with a fruit and berry concentrate / S. Velyamov, A. Ospanov, D. Tlevlessova, and etc. // Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. – 2023. – Vol. 1(11(121)). – P. 23-30.