МАТЕРИАЛЫ MXENE: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ СИНТЕЗА, ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ЧИСТЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ПОКРЫТИЙ И КОМПОЗИТНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Статья представляет обзор современных методов синтеза MXene – двумерных материалов, включающих карбиды, нитриды и карбонитриды переходных металлов, с акцентом на экологически безопасные подходы и их перспективы в качестве покрытий и композитов. Рассматриваются традиционные методы травления с использованием фторидов, таких как плавиковая кислота, и их недостатки, включая экологические риски. В противовес им описаны «зеленые» технологии, такие как электрохимическое травление и методы с расплавленными солями, которые минимизируют воздействие на окружающую среду и повышают масштабируемость производства. Особое внимание уделено уникальным свойствам MXene: высокой электропроводности, механической гибкости и гидрофильности, что делает их востребованными в энергетике, электронике и экологии. В статье подчеркивается их потенциал в антикоррозионных, антибактериальных покрытиях, защите от электромагнитных помех и сенсорных системах. Также обсуждаются возможности применения MXene в Казахстане, включая использование местного сырья для производства суперконденсаторов, биомедицинских материалов и катализаторов для аэрокосмической отрасли. Экономическая эффективность локального синтеза подчеркивает перспективы для развития высокотехнологичных отраслей. Работа направлена на освещение текущих достижений и вдохновение на дальнейшие исследования в области устойчивого материаловедения, демонстрируя, как MXene могут способствовать инновациям, сочетая функциональность с экологической ответственностью.

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