Modern Approaches to Metal Recovery: Acid Leaching and Bioleaching Technologies

With each passing year, the volume of metallurgical waste continues to grow, posing serious environmental and economic challenges. However, metallurgical by-products such as slags and tailings contain numerous valuable metals that can be recovered and reintegrated into production cycles. In this context, hydrometallurgical and bioleaching technologies are gaining particular relevance. These methods enable the efficient extraction of valuable components from waste while simultaneously reducing its volume and minimizing the environmental burden. This article examines how modern techniques, such as acid leaching and bioleaching, can be utilized not only to recover metals but also to address waste disposal issues with minimal ecological impact. Special attention is given to practical examples and research developments that demonstrate the high efficiency and industrial applicability of these technologies. This study highlights the importance of waste recycling not only from an ecological perspective but also as a critical step toward building a more sustainable economy where every resource is used to its fullest potential.

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