ЭКСТРАКЦИОННАЯ СЕРООЧИСТКА НЕФТЯНОГО ТОПЛИВА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ГЛУБОКОЭВТЕКТИЧЕСКИХ РАСТВОРИТЕЛЕЙ

В ближайшие десятилетия невозможно недооценить важность создания экологически чистой энергетики и связанных с ней применений. Доказано, что минимизация и устранение токсичных выбросов имеют решающее значение для выживания нашей планеты. Соединения серы (S) в топливе приводят к образованию токсичных выбросов, представляющих серьезную угрозу для окружающей среды. Поэтому во всем мире активизировались исследования процесса сероочистки для получения топлива с низким содержанием S. Традиционная технология гидродесульфуризации (HDS) не получила широкого распространения из-за ряда недостатков, таких как высокая стоимость, повышенное потребление электроэнергии, повышенное образование водорода и использование катализаторов с высоким содержанием благородных металлов. Перспективной альтернативой HDS является процесс экстрактивной сероочистки (EDS) благодаря мягким условиям эксплуатации. В последние годы большое внимание в исследованиях уделяется использованию глубокоэвтектических растворителей (DES), образующихся из эвтектической смеси кислот и оснований Льюиса/Бренстеда.
Целью данного обзора является обсуждение преимуществ EDS с использованием DES по сравнению с другими методами сероочистки, а также описание различных факторов сероочистки, таких как природа DES, массовое соотношение DES и топлива, температура, взаимная растворимость, время, начальное содержание S. Потенциальные проблемы и недостатки EDS с использованием DES изучены достаточно полно. В данном обзоре обсуждаются вопросы применения DES в качестве экстрагентов для получения экологически чистого топлива вместо традиционных органических растворителей. Необходимость обозревания исследований по данной тематики исходит из актуальности поиска более экологически чистых соединений, соответствующих всем принципам «зеленой химии». В обзоре рассмотрены исследования за последние 10-20 лет в области применения DES в качестве экстрагентов для очистки топлив от серосоединений.

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