ТҰРАҚТЫ ОРАУЫШ МАТЕРИАЛДАРҒА АРНАЛҒАН ПОЛИСАХАРИД НЕГІЗІНДЕГІ БИОПЛАСТИКТЕР: КОВАЛЕНТТІ ЕМЕС ӘРЕКЕТТЕСУЛЕР МЕН ТРАНСЭТЕРИФИКАЦИЯНЫҢ РӨЛІ

Қоршаған ортада пластик қалдықтарының шектен тыс жиналуы экологиялық жағынан қауіпсіз және ыдырайтын орауыш материалдарын жасауға деген жаһандық қызығушылықты арттырды. Биологиялық ыдырайтын полимерлердің ішінде өсімдік тектес целлюлоза мен оның микробтық аналогы – бактериалды целлюлозадан (БЦ) алынатын биопластиктер жаңартылатындығы, ыдырайтындығы және қолайлы механикалық қасиеттері арқасында ерекше назар аудартып отыр. Алайда, олардың практикалық қолданылуы гидрофильділігі мен сыртқы орта әсерлеріне сезімталдығы сияқты мәселелермен шектеледі. Бұл кемшіліктерді жою үшін соңғы зерттеулерде полисахаридтер құрылымын ковалентті емес әрекеттесулер (мысалы, сутектік байланыстар, иондық айқас байланыстар) және ковалентті модификациялар (мысалы, трансэтерификация) арқылы түрлендіру жолдары қарастырылуда. Мұндай тәсілдер материалдардың механикалық беріктігін, икемділігін және суға төзімділігін едәуір арттыра алады. Осы шолуда полисахарид негізіндегі биопластиктерді жетілдіруге бағытталған соңғы ғылыми жетістіктер талданып, физикалық және химиялық модификацияларды біріктіру арқылы олардың жұмыс сипаттамаларын жақсарту мүмкіндіктері қарастырылады. Әсіресе бактериалды целлюлоза, лапонит, хитозан және май қышқылының эфирлерінен тұратын гибридті жүйелердің синергетикалық әсеріне ерекше көңіл бөлінеді. Жалпы алғанда, ковалентті емес және ковалентті модификацияларды біріктіру – келешегі зор тұрақты орауыш материалдарын жасау үшін тиімді стратегия ретінде қарастырылады.

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