ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗА БИОМАССАСЫН ӨҢДЕУ ҮШІН ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗОЛИТИКАЛЫҚ МИКРООРГАНИЗМДЕРДІ ҚОЛДАНУДАҒЫ ЗАМАНАУИ ЖЕТІСТІКТЕР

Лигноцеллюлоза биомассасы (LCB) биоотын және басқа да жоғары құнды өнімдерді алу үшін маңызды ресурс болып табылады. LCB негізгі компоненттері целлюлоза мен лигнин болып табылады, олар ыдырауы қиын. Соңғы жылдардағы зерттеулер осы компоненттерді тиімді ыдырату үшін Bacillus subtilis бактериялары, Trichoderma reesei саңырауқұлақтары және Penicillium oxalicum сияқты целлюлозолитикалық микроорганизмдерді қолдануға бағытталған. Мақалада терең эвтектикалық еріткіштерді (DES) қолдануды қоса алғанда, заманауи жетістіктерге шолу жасалады, бұл целлюлозаның қол жетімділігінің жақсарғанын және қанттың 80%-ға дейін көтерілгенін көрсетті. Күріш сабаны сияқты агроөнеркәсіптік қалдықтарды ферменттер өндірісінің субстраты ретінде пайдалану өндіріс құнын төмендетуге көмектеседі және айналмалы биоэкономиканы қолдайды.
Мультиферментті кешендер мен микроорганизмдердің генетикалық түрлендірілген штаммдарының дамуын қоса алғанда, ферментативті өңдеудің тиімділігін арттыру стратегиялары сипатталған. Мысалы, Clostridium cellulosi-ден көпфункционалды ферменттерді қолдану қанттың өнімділігін 30%-ға арттыруға мүмкіндік берді. LCB өңдеуде синергетикалық әсерді қамтамасыз ететін саңырауқұлақ дақылдары мен гидротермиялық өңдеу әдістерін біріктіру мүмкіндіктері қарастырылады.
Целлюлазалар, гемицеллюлазалар және лигниназалар сияқты негізгі ферменттерге және олардың өсімдік полимерлерін ыдыратудағы рөліне ерекше назар аударылады. Термостабильді ферменттерді әзірлеуді, экологиялық таза өңдеу әдістерін енгізуді және жаңа технологияларды өнеркәсіптік биорефинерияға біріктіруді қоса алғанда, қосымша зерттеулердің болашағы талқыланады.

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