THE MATERIAL AND THERMAL BALANCE

It is necessary to obtain a dry substance by removing all moisture from it. This can be done using various devices, but the most common of them in industry and science are drying cabinets. They allow you to quickly remove excess moisture from materials by evaporation and extraction from the chambers. At the same time, it is necessary to calculate the volume of dry air and energy required for the process. To solve these problems, it is necessary to calculate the material and thermal balance of drying.
They are the measurement and calculation of the amount of material and energy spent on it. The material and thermal balance of the dryer, which is air, is calculated using formulas and equations. It characterizes the initial and final mass of the substance and water that evaporated as a result of drying, and the absolutely dry mass of the substance remains constant.
The authors examined the amount of moisture and substituted its value into the appropriate formula and calculated the mass of an absolutely dry substance and the amount of the resulting product. Thus, using the heat balance formula, the required volume of air for the process was determined. All calculations were performed for each model and the results were different.
After calculating the material balance, the amount of energy consumed was determined. When calculating the heat balance, a theoretical and a practical dryer are distinguished. In the first case, it is assumed that during the operation of the drying cabinet there is no heat loss or its arrival from the outside. In practice, this does not happen, therefore, when calculating the thermal balance, many factors must be taken into account: the arrival of heat with the drying agent, the material itself and its moisture, transport devices and external energy sources. The energy consumption of the outgoing drying agent was also taken into account in this study.
The obtained expressions of the material and thermal balance of the dryer allow us to determine the technological parameters of the drying workflow and the technical parameters of the dryer, which ultimately allows us to determine the technical and economic performance of the dryer.

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