СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ САМОРАСПАДАЮЩИХСЯ ШЛАКОВ ОТ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА НИЗКОУГЛЕРОДИСТОГО ФЕРРОХРОМА

Производство низкоуглеродистого феррохрома неизбежно сопровождается образованием значительных объемов шлаков, ключевой особенностью которых является их способность к самопроизвольному распаду (дезинтеграции) при охлаждении и воздействии атмосферных факторов. Это явление обусловлено полиморфными превращениями β-дикальциевого силиката (C2S) в γ -модификацию, сопровождающимися увеличением объема. Данная уникальная характеристика, с одной стороны, создает вызовы в управлении отходами, с другой – открывает широкие возможности для их эффективной и экономически выгодной утилизации без необходимости дорогостоящего измельчения. Настоящая обзорная статья представляет собой систематический анализ и обобщение современных высокоэффективных технологий мирового уровня по применению самораспадающихся шлаков производства низкоуглеродистого феррохрома. Особое внимание уделяется их использованию в производстве строительных материалов (цементы, бетоны, вяжущие), сорбентов для водоочистки, мелиорантов для сельского хозяйства, а также в дорожном строительстве. В данной работе проведен литературный обзор пятидесяти семи источников, опубликованных за последние десять лет и содержащих описание наиболее эффективных технологий применения самораспадающихся шлаков производства низкоуглеродистого феррохрома.
Целью статьи является демонстрация потенциала этих шлаков как ценного вторичного сырья, способствующего снижению экологической нагрузки, повышению ресурсоэффективности ферросплавного производства и развитию принципов циркулярной экономики.

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