МҰНАЙ ӨҢДЕУ ӨНДІРІСІНДЕ АСАКРИТИКАЛЫҚ СҰЙЫҚТАРДЫ ҚОЛДАНУ

Бүгінгі таңда әлемдік мұнай өнеркәсібі өңдеудің жаңа тәсілдерін дамытуға, энергия тиімділігін арттыруға және операциялық шығындарды азайтуға ерекше көңіл бөлуде. Осы шолуда асакритикалық сұйықтықтарды пайдалана отырып, ауыр мұнайларды өңдеудің заманауи әдістері қарастырылады. Көмірсутектерді тиімді өндіруге және қажетсіз қоспаларды жоюға мүмкіндік беретін асакритикалық сұйықтықты экстракциялауға басты назар аударылады. Шолу асакритикалық сұйықтықтардың өзара әрекеттесу кинетикасын, сондай-ақ температураның, қысымның және еріткіштердің асакритикалық сұйықтықты алу тиімділігіне әсері жан-жақты зерттелді. Бұл әдістің негізгі ерекшеліктеріне тазарту тереңдігі, процестің таңдаулылығы, жоғары селективтілігі, қалдықтардың азаюы, еріткіштің регенерациялану мүмкіндігі, шығарындылардың азаюы және қоршаған ортаға теріс әсердің төмендеуі жатады. Дегенмен, мұнай өнеркәсібінде асакритикалық сұйықтықтарды қолдануда белгілі бір шектеулер бар, соның ішінде жоғары энергия шығындары, күрделі жабдықтың қажеттілігі, процестерді масштабтаудағы технологиялық қиындықтар, бұл әрі қарай зерттеулерді және параметрлерді оңтайландыруды талап етеді. Катализаторлармен және еріткіш модификаторларымен аралас әдістерді қоса алғанда, мұнай өңдеу өнеркәсібіне асакритикалық сұйықтық технологияларын енгізу перспективалары қарастырылады. Мұнай өнеркәсібіне асакритикалық сұйықтық технологияларын енгізу ауыр көмірсутекті жүйелерді өңдеудің тиімділігін айтарлықтай арттыра отырып, экологиялық таза және экономикалық тұрақты технологияларды құруға ықпал ететіні анықталды.

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