kaz44Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические наукиBulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences2788-79953006-0524«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ10.53360/2788-7995-2025-2(18)-63kaz44-1826Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ (ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ)CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (ORIGINAL ARTICLE)ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ СВЕРХКРИТИЧЕСКИХ ФЛЮИДОВ В НЕФТЕПЕРЕРАБОТКЕTHE USE OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS IN PETROLEUM PROCESSINGhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8273-0020ИманбаевЕ. И.ImanbayevY. I.

Ержан Иманбаевич Иманбаев ‒ PhD, Ассоциированный профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник,

г. Алматы, ул. Богенбай батыра, 172

Yerzhan Imanbaiuly Imanbayev ‒ PhD, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher,

172 Bogenbai Batyr str., Almaty

erzhan.imanbayev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2554-1616СерикказиноваА. К.SerikkazinovaA. K.

Акбота Кайратовна Серикказинова – младший научный сотрудник,

г. Алматы, ул. Богенбай батыра, 172

Akbota Kairatkyzy Serikkazinova – Junior Researcher at Institute of Combustion Problem,

172 Bogenbai Batyr str., Almaty

akbota.serikkazinova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-5488МукталыД.MuktalyD.

Динара Мукталы – PhD, старший научный сотрудник,

г. Алматы, ул. Богенбай батыра, 172

Dinara Muktaly – PhD, Senior Researcher at Institute of Combustion Problems,

172 Bogenbai Batyr str., Almaty

dinara.muktaly@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-8218АккенжееваА. Ш.AkkenzheevaA. S.

Анар Шынабаевна Аккенжеева – к.т.н., ассоциированный профессор, доцент кафедры нефтехимический инжиниринг,

г. Актау, 32-й микрорайон, 1

Anar Shynabaevna Akkenzheeva – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of theDepartment of Petrochemical Engineering,

Aktau, 32nd microdistrict, 1

anar.akkenzheyeva@yu.edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-7188БусурмановаА. Ч.BussurmanovadA. C.

Аккенже Чаншаровна Бусурманова – к.х.н., ассоциированный профессор, доцент кафедры естественные науки,

г. Актау, 32-й микрорайон, 1

Akkenzhe Chansharovna Bussurmanova – Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor ofthe Department of Natural Sciences,

Aktau, 32nd microdistrict, 1

akkenzhe.bussurmanova@yu.edu.kzИнститут проблем горенияКазахстанInstitute of Combustion ProblemsKazakhstanКаспийский университет технологий и инжиниринга имени Ш. ЕсеноваКазахстанYessenov UniversityKazakhstan20250807202502(18)521546Copyright © Иманбаев Е.И., Серикказинова А.К., Мукталы Д., Аккенжеева А.Ш., Бусурманова А.Ч., 20252025Иманбаев Е.И., Серикказинова А.К., Мукталы Д., Аккенжеева А.Ш., Бусурманова А.Ч.Imanbayev Y.I., Serikkazinova A.K., Muktaly D., Akkenzheeva A.S., Bussurmanovad A.C.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/1826

На сегодняшний день в мире нефтяная промышленность по своей деятельности особое внимание уделяет развитию новых подходов переработки, повышению энергоэффективности и снижению эксплуатационных затрат. Обзор рассматривает современные методы переработки тяжелых нефтей с использованием сверхкритических флюидов. Основное внимание уделяется сверхкритической флюидной экстракции, которые позволяют эффективно извлекать углеводороды и удалять нежелательные примеси. В обзоре рассмотрены кинетика взаимодействия сверхкритических флюидов, а также влияние температуры, давления и растворителей на эффективность сверхкритической флюидной экстракции. Ключевые особенности данного метода являются глубина очистки, селективность процессов, высокая избирательность, снижение отходов, возможность регенерации растворителей, сокращение выбросов и уменьшение негативного воздействия на окружающую среду. Однако в использовании сверхкритических флюидов в нефтяной промышленности имеются определенные ограничения, включая высокие энергозатраты, необходимость сложного оборудования и технологические сложности при масштабировании процессов, что требует дальнейших исследований и оптимизации параметров. Рассмотрены перспективы интеграции сверхкритической флюидной технологий в нефтеперерабатывающую промышленность, включая комбинированные методы с катализаторами и модификаторами растворителей. Установлено, что внедрение сверхкритической флюидной технологий в нефтяную отрасль может значительно повысить эффективность переработки тяжелых углеводородных систем, способствуя созданию более экологичных и экономически устойчивых технологий.

Today, the world oil industry pays special attention to the development of new processing approaches, increasing energy efficiency and reducing operating costs. The review considers modern methods of heavy oil processing using supercritical fluids. The main attention is paid to supercritical fluid extraction, which allows for efficient extraction of hydrocarbons and removal of undesirable impurities. The review considers the kinetics of interaction of supercritical fluids, as well as the effect of temperature, pressure and solvents on the efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction. The key features of this method are the depth of purification, process selectivity, high selectivity, reduction of waste, the possibility of solvent regeneration, reduction of emissions and reduction of negative impact on the environment. However, the use of supercritical fluids in the oil industry has certain limitations, including high energy costs, the need for complex equipment and technological difficulties in scaling up processes, which requires further research and optimization of parameters. The prospects for integrating supercritical fluid technologies into the oil refining industry, including combined methods with catalysts and solvent modifiers, are considered. It has been established that the introduction of supercritical fluid technologies into the oil industry can significantly improve the efficiency of processing heavy hydrocarbon systems, contributing to the creation of more environmentally friendly and economically sustainable technologies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.