ФУНКЦИОНАЛДАНҒАН НАНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗА НЕГІЗІНДЕГІ АДСОРБЕНТТЕР: СУДЫ ОРГАНИКАЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ БЕЙОРГАНИКАЛЫҚ ЛАСТАУШЫЛАРДАН ТАЗАРТУ

Өнеркәсіп секторларының қарқынды дамуымен бірге су ресурстарының ластануы жаһандық экологиялық мәселеге айналды. Осы шолу мақаласында функционалданған наноцеллюлоза негізіндегі адсорбенттердің судағы органикалық (синтетикалық бояғыштар, фенолдар, антибиотиктер, пестицидтер) және бейорганикалық (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cr(VI), Cu²⁺, As) ластаушыларды жоюдағы тиімділігі жүйелі талданды. Негізгі нәтижелер бойынша, ең жоғары сорбциялық сыйымдылыққа TEMPO- тотыққан наноцеллюлоза мен амин-функционализацияланған композиттер қол жеткізеді: метилен көгі үшін 2500 мг/г-ге дейін, қорғасын иондары үшін 2270 мг/гге дейін. Наноцеллюлоза негізіндегі молекулалық таңбаланған полимерлер (МТП) бәсекелес қосылыстар болған жағдайда фенолдарды 97% тиімділікпен селективті адсорбциялайды. Адсорбенттердің басым бөлігі 20 циклге дейін регенерацияланғанда 80–90% сыйымдылықты сақтайды. Мақалада наноцеллюлозаның үш негізгі түрі (ЦНК, НФЦ, БНЦ), олардың алу әдістері (қышқылдық гидролиз, TEMPO-тотығуы, механикалық және ферменттік өңдеу) және беттік функционалдандыру стратегиялары (изоцианаттық, амин- және тиол-функционализация) қарастырылды. Ауылшаруашылық қалдықтарынан (күріш қауызы, соя қабығы) наноцеллюлоза өндіру тұрақты даму қағидаттарына сәйкес келетіндігі атап өтіледі. Сондай-ақ масштабтау, реальды ағынды суларда тұрақтылық пен экономикалық тиімділік сияқты шешілмеген мәселелер мен болашақ зерттеу бағыттары айқындалды.

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