МОДИФИЦИРОВАНИЕ ПЛЕНКООБРАЗУЮЩИХ ДЛЯ ЛАКОКРАСОЧНЫХ КОМПОЗИТОВ НА ВОДНОЙ ОСНОВЕ

Лакокрасочные композиты на водной основе находят все большее применение в строительстве, промышленности и быту. Это обусловлено прежде всего экологическими (снижение эмиссии органических растворителей) и экономическими (вода дешевле и доступнее, чем органические растворители) причинами. Вместе с тем ключевой задачей остаётся повышение барьерных и механических характеристик водных покрытий при сохранении технологичности нанесения и быстрого отверждения. Применяются два основных подхода к модификации водоразбавляемых систем – химическая модификация полимерных связующих и блендирование полимеров. Показано, что целенаправленное варьирование структуры мягких/жёстких сегментов полиуретана, а также введение акрилатной компоненты и функциональных добавок (пластификаторов, нанонаполнителей) позволяет управлять степенью сшивки и фазовым распределением, тем самым повышая адгезию, износостойкость и барьерные свойства покрытий. Среди модифицированных водоразбавляемых систем особый интерес представляют полиуретановые и акрил-полиуретановые покрытия, которые были рассмотрены в статье благодаря уникальному сочетанию их свойств. Эти системы обеспечивают высокую долговечность покрытий и широкую сферу применения, включая защитные и декоративные покрытия для различных материалов. Особое внимание уделено способам их модификации. Отмечена перспективность полиуретановых и акрил-полиуретановых водоразбавляемых покрытий для антикоррозионной защиты и необходимость подбора составов с учётом условий эксплуатации.

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