CO₂-НІ ЖОҒАРЫ ТЕМПЕРАТУРАДА ҰСТАУҒА АРНАЛҒАН СИЛИКАТТЫ СОРБЕНТТЕР: ҚАЗІРГІ ЖАҒДАЙЫ ЖӘНЕ ДАМУ БАҒЫТЫ

Сілтілік металдар негізіндегі силикатты сорбенттер өнеркәсіптік көздерден CO₂-ні жоғары температурада ұстауға арналған материалдар ретінде қызығушылық тудыруда. Бұл шолу 500- 750°C температура аралығында CO₂-ны тікелей ұстауға арналған литий (Li₄SiO₄), натрий (Na₂SiO₃, Na₄SiO₄) және калий силикаттарын әзірлеу мен қолданудағы заманауи жетістіктерді жүйелейді.
Литий силикаттары ең жоғары сорбциялық сыйымдылықты көрсетеді (теориялық мәні – 367 мг CO₂/г, практикалық – 30-35 масс. %), олардың оңтайлы жұмыс температурасы 550-650 °C, ал регенерация температуралары кальцийлі аналогтармен салыстырғанда төмен (700-850 °C). Сорбция екі сатылы механизм бойынша жүреді: алдымен Li₂CO₃ және Li₂SiO₃ түзілуімен жүретін жылдам беттік реакция, кейін өнім қабаты арқылы иондардың тасымалдануымен шектелетін диффузиялық-бақыланатын саты.
Наноқұрылымдандыру және сілтілік карбонаттармен (K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃) легирлеу диффузияны тиімді түрде жеделдетіп, сыйымдылықтың төмендеуінсіз 200 циклге дейінгі циклдік тұрақтылықты қамтамасыз етеді. Өтпелі металдармен (Ti, Ca) легирлеу және калиймен қоса легирлеу синтерленуді тежеп, тиімді сорбцияның температуралық ауқымын кеңейтеді.
Өндірістік қалдықтарды (ұшпа күл, металлургиялық шлактар, пайдаланылған аккумуляторлар) шикізат көздері ретінде қолдану өндіріс құнын 3-20 есеге дейін төмендетеді. Перспективалы бағыттарға бифункционалды сорбент-катализаторларды әзірлеу, құрамды оңтайландыру үшін есептеуіш дизайн мен машиналық оқытуды қолдану, технологияны нақты өнеркәсіптік жағдайларда көрсету, сондай-ақ жаңартылатын энергия көздерімен интеграциялау жатады. Қазіргі қиындықтар шешілген жағдайда, силикатты сорбенттер энергия сыйымды секторларды терең декарбонизациялаудың және көміртекті бейтараптыққа қол жеткізудің негізгі технологиясына айналуы мүмкін

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