kaz44Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические наукиBulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences2788-79953006-0524«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ10.53360/2788-7995-2026-1(21)-80kaz44-2384Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ (ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ)CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (ORIGINAL ARTICLE)СИЛИКАТНЫЕ СОРБЕНТЫ ДЛЯ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО УЛАВЛИВАНИЯ CO₂: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯSILICATE SORBENTS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE CO₂ CAPTURE: CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-5317ЕргазиеваГ. Е.YergaziyevaG.

Гаухар Ергазиевна Ергазиева – к.х.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией каталитических процессов 

050012, г. Алматы, ул. Богенбай батыра, 172;050040, г. Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 71

Gaukhar Yergaziyeva – c.c.s., Professor, Institute of Combustion Problems, Head of the Catalytic Processes Laboratory 

050012, Almaty, str. Bogenbay batyr, 172;050040, Almaty, str. al-Farabi, 71

ergazieva_g@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-1773-2405ҚуанышІ.KuanyshI.

Інжу Қуаныш ─ инженер, PhD докторант 

050012, г. Алматы, ул. Богенбай батыра, 172;050000, г. Алматы, ул. Толе би, 59

Inzhu Kuanysh – Engineer, Institute of Combustion Problems,PhD student 

050012, Almaty, str. Bogenbay batyr, 172;050000, Almaty, str. Tole bi, 59

inzhu.2017@gmail.comИнститут проблем горения; Казахский Национальный университет им. аль-ФарабиКазахстанInstitute of Combustion Problems; Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanИнститут проблем горения; Казахстанско-Британский технический университетКазахстанInstitute of Combustion Problems; Kazakh-British Technical UniversityKazakhstan20262505202611(21)752767Copyright © Ергазиева Г.Е., Қуаныш І., 20262026Ергазиева Г.Е., Қуаныш І.Yergaziyeva G., Kuanysh I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2384

Силикатные сорбенты на основе щелочных металлов привлекают растущее внимание как перспективные материалы для высокотемпературного улавливания CO₂ из промышленных источников. Данный обзор систематизирует современные достижения в разработке и применении литиевых (Li₄SiO₄), натриевых (Na₂SiO₃, Na₄SiO₄) и калиевых силикатов для прямого улавливания CO₂ при температурах 500-750°C. Литиевые силикаты демонстрируют наивысшую сорбционную емкость (теоретическая 367 мг CO₂/г, практическая 30-35 масс.%) с оптимальной рабочей температурой 550-650°C и более низкими температурами регенерации (700- 850°C) по сравнению с кальциевыми аналогами. Сорбция протекает по двухстадийному механизму, быстрая поверхностная реакция с образованием Li₂CO₃ и Li₂SiO₃, сменяющаяся диффузионноконтролируемой стадией, лимитируемой переносом ионов через продуктовый слой. Наноструктурирование и допирование щелочными карбонатами (K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃) эффективно ускоряют диффузию и улучшают циклическую стабильность до 200 циклов без потери емкости. Допирование переходными металлами (Ti, Ca) и содопирование K подавляют спекание и расширяют температурный диапазон эффективной сорбции. Использование промышленных отходов (летучая зола, металлургические шлаги, отработанные аккумуляторы) как источников прекурсоров снижает стоимость производства в 3-20 раз. Перспективные направления включают разработку бифункциональных сорбентов-катализаторов, применение вычислительного дизайна и машинного обучения для оптимизации состава, демонстрацию технологии в реальных промышленных условиях и интеграцию с возобновляемыми источниками энергии. При решении текущих вызовов силикатные сорбенты могут стать ключевой технологией для глубокой декарбонизации энергоемких секторов и достижения углеродной нейтральности.

Alkali metal-based silicate sorbents are attracting increasing attention as promising materials for hightemperature CO₂ capture from industrial sources. This review systematizes recent advances in the development and application of lithium (Li₄SiO₄), sodium (Na₂SiO₃, Na₄SiO₄), and potassium silicates for direct CO₂ capture at temperatures of 500-750 °C. Lithium silicates exhibit the highest sorption capacity (theoretical value of 367 mg CO₂ g⁻¹ and practical values of 30-35 wt.%), with an optimal operating temperature range of 550-650 °C and lower regeneration temperatures (700-850 °C) compared to calcium-based analogues. Sorption proceeds via a two-step mechanism: a rapid surface reaction forming Li₂CO₃ and Li₂SiO₃, followed by a diffusion-controlled stage limited by ion transport through the product layer. Nanostructuring and doping with alkali carbonates (K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃) effectively accelerate diffusion and improve cyclic stability to up to 200 cycles without capacity loss. Doping with transition metals (Ti, Ca) and co-doping with potassium suppress sintering and broaden the temperature window for efficient sorption. The use of industrial wastes (fly ash, metallurgical slags, spent batteries) as precursor sources reduces production costs by 3-20 times. Promising research directions include the development of bifunctional sorbent-catalysts, the application of computational design and machine learning for composition optimization, demonstration of the technology under real industrial conditions, and integration with renewable energy sources. If current challenges are addressed, silicate sorbents may become a key technology for deep decarbonization of energy-intensive sectors and for achieving carbon neutrality. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.