INFLUENCE OF NANOPARTICLES ON THE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED ANTIFREEZES – A REVIEW

This article presents a scientific review of recent publications focused on the thermophysical properties of antifreezes and nanofluids based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin, used in thermal power and engineering systems. The main types of low-temperature heat transfer fluids, their operating temperature ranges, and key requirements for their use in cold climates characteristic of regions with sharply continental temperature conditions are examined.
Special attention is given to analyzing the effects of adding metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanostructures (Al₂O₃, CuO, TiO₂, SiO₂, ZnO, CNT, graphene) on the thermal conductivity, viscosity, density, and specific heat capacity of glycol-based heat transfer fluids. It is shown that the introduction of nanoparticles significantly increases the thermal conductivity coefficient and heat transfer intensity, but is accompanied by an increase in viscosity, which may lead to higher hydraulic losses and increased energy consumption for circulating the heat transfer fluid.
Within the scope of this work, a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications from 2020 to 2025 was conducted, identifying leading countries and research centers actively developing this field. The results confirm the potential of using nanomodified antifreezes to improve the energy efficiency of thermal engineering systems and emphasize the necessity of optimizing the composition and concentration of nanoparticle additives for practical applications.

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