BENTONITE AND HUMIC SUBSTANCES: COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES, AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

The article presents a systematic review of the composition, physicochemical properties, and biological activity of bentonite clays, including bentonites from the Tagan deposit, as well as humic substances and their applications in medicine. The relevance of the work is determined by the unique adsorption and regenerative properties of these natural materials, which define their prospects for use in detoxification and therapy of various pathological conditions. Literature data on the mineralogical composition of bentonite (predominantly montmorillonite), its swelling and sorption characteristics, as well as the chemical composition of humic and fulvic acids were analyzed. The main directions of medical application are considered, including bentonite enterosorbents for the correction of acute and chronic intoxications and diarrhea, topical dosage forms (gels and ointments) for healing burns and wounds, as well as the nutraceutical and immunomodulatory use of humic substances. Analysis of experimental and clinical data indicates a synergistic effect of the combined use of bentonite and humic complexes, manifested in increased sorption capacity, prolonged action, and reduced toxicity. The obtained data demonstrate the scientific significance of studying the interaction of these natural components and their pharmacological potential. The practical value of the work lies in substantiating the prospects for the development of natural enterosorbents and biologically active additives with detoxifying effects.

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