ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗАЛЫҚ БИОМАССАНЫҢ ИНГИБИТОРЛАРЫ: ӘСЕР ЕТУ МЕХАНИЗМДЕРІ ЖӘНЕ СУТЕГІНІ БИОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ӨНДІРУ ТИІМДІЛІГІНЕ ӘСЕРІ (ШОЛУ)

Бұл мақалада лигноцеллюлозалық биомассаны (ЛЦБ) өңдеу кезінде биосутегінің тиімді өндірілуіне кедергі келтіретін ингибиторлық факторлар талданады. Бұл тұрғыда қараңғы ферментация сутегін алудың ең перспективалы биологиялық әдістерінің бірі болып саналады, себебі ол сыртқы энергия көзін қажет етпейді, заманауи реакторлық технологиялармен үйлесімді және субстраттардың кең спектрін пайдалануға мүмкіндік береді. Оны өнеркәсіпте қолданудағы негізгі кедергі ЛЦБ алдын ала өңдеу және ферментация кезінде түзілетін улы қосылыстардың жинақталуы болып табылады. Мақалада негізгі ингибиторлардың құрамы мен әрекеті туралы ақпарат жинақталған. Талдау нәтижелері көрсеткендей, қараңғы ферментацияда H₂ шығымы 2-4 моль/моль қантқа жетеді (максималды ~3,8 моль/моль гексоза), бірақ (i) фурандар (фурфурол 0,03–8,23 г/л; 5-ГМФ 0,09-1,59 г/л), (ii) лигниндік фенолдар (ванилин, сирингальдегид), (iii) органикалық қышқылдар (құмырсқа, сірке, левулин қышқылы), (iv) бейорганикалық иондар мен ауыр металдар (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni және т.б.), (v) аммиак пен сульфаттар болған кезде айтарлықтай төмендейді.
Сондай-ақ дозаға тәуелді әсерлер мен микробтық қауымдастықтың құрамындағы өзгерістер, мысалы, pH әсері, фурфуролдың Clostridium санының азаюына ықпалы немесе 5-HMP қосылғанда Clostridium мен Ruminococcaceae санының артуы талқыланады. Осылайша, ингибиторлардың әсер ету механизмдерін түсіну және олардың әсерін азайту жолдарын табу қараңғы ашытудың тиімділігін арттыру және оны лигноцеллюлозалық биомассаны биосутекке айналдырудың тұрақты технологиясы ретінде жүзеге асырудың негізгі бағыттары болып табылады.

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