kaz44Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические наукиBulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences2788-79953006-0524«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ10.53360/2788-7995-2025-4(20)-54kaz44-2191Research ArticleПИЩЕВАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ (ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ)FOOD ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (ORIGINAL ARTICLE)ИНГИБИТОРЫ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОЙ БИОМАССЫ: МЕХАНИЗМЫ ДЕЙСТВИЯ И ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА (ОБЗОР)INHIBITORS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS: MECHANISMS OF ACTION AND IMPACT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION (REVIEW)https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4487-636XДанияроваА. Е.DaniyarovaA. E.

Аяулым Ермекқызы Даниярова – PhD докторант по образовательной программе 8D07101-Технологические машины и оборудование

071412, Республика Казахстан, г. Семей, ул. Глинки, 20 А

Ayaulym Daniyarova – PhD student

071412, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semey, 20 A Glinka Street

ayaulim.dd@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-0370БекбаевК. С.BekbayevK. S.

Кайрат Серикжанович Бекбаев – кандидат технических наук, ассоциированный профессор

071412, Республика Казахстан, г. Семей, ул. Глинки, 20 А

Kairat Bekbayev – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

071412, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semey, 20 A Glinka Street

k_bekbaev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-1699ТөлеуғазықызыА.ToleugazykyzyA.

Ақерке Төлеуғазықызы – PhD

010011, г. Астана, проспект Женис, 62

Akerke Toleugazykyzy – PhD

010011, Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, 62 Zhenis Avenue

 

akerke.0192t@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-0646ҚалибекқызыЖ.KalibekkyzyZh.

Жанар Қалибекқызы – кандидат биологических наук, ассоциированный профессор

071412, Республика Казахстан, г. Семей, ул. Глинки, 20 А

Zhanar Kalibekkyzy – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor 

071412, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semey, 20 A Glinka Street

zhanar_moldabaeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-7108-3129МолдақашевК. П.MoldakashevK. P.

Қуаныш Панарбекұлы Молдакашев – PhD докторант

071412, Республика Казахстан, г. Семей, ул. Глинки, 20 А

Kuanysh Moldakashev – PhD student

071412, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semey, 20 A Glinka Street

kuanysh.moldakashev@gmail.comШәкәрім университетКазахстанShakarim UniversityKazakhstanКазахский агротехнический исследовательский университет имени С. Сейфуллина»КазахстанS. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research UniversityKazakhstan20252501202614(20)455466Copyright © Даниярова А.Е., Бекбаев К.С., Төлеуғазықызы А., Қалибекқызы Ж., Молдақашев К.П., 20262026Даниярова А.Е., Бекбаев К.С., Төлеуғазықызы А., Қалибекқызы Ж., Молдақашев К.П.Daniyarova A.E., Bekbayev K.S., Toleugazykyzy A., Kalibekkyzy Z., Moldakashev K.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2191

В данной статье проводится анализ ингибирующих факторов, которые препятствуют эффективному производству биоводорода при переработке лигноцеллюлозной биомассы (ЛЦБ). В этом контексте темная ферментация рассматривается как один из наиболее перспективных биологических методов получения водорода, поскольку не требует внешнего источника энергии, совместимо с современными реакторными технологиями и позволяет использовать широкий спектр субстратов. Основным препятствием для его промышленного применения является накопление токсичных соединений, образующихся в процессе предварительной обработки и самой ферментации ЛЦБ. В статье обобщена информация о составе и действии основных ингибиторов. Результаты анализа показывают, что при темной ферментации выход H₂ достигает 2-4 моль/моль сахара (максимум ~3,8 моль/моль гексозы), но значительно снижается в присутствии: (i) фуранов (фурфурол 0,03-8,23 г/л; 5-ГМФ 0,09-1,59 г/л), (ii) лигновых фенолов (ванилин, сиреневый альдегид), (iii) органических кислот (муравьиная, уксусная, левулиновая кислота), (iv) неорганических ионов и тяжелых металлов (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni и др.), (v) аммиака и сульфатов. Также обсуждаются дозозависимые эффекты и изменения в составе микробного сообщества, такие как влияние pH, снижение численности Clostridium из-за фурфурола или увеличение численности Clostridium и Ruminococcaceae при добавлении 5-HMP. Таким образом, понимание механизмов действия ингибиторов и поиск способов снижения их воздействия являются ключевыми направлениями для повышения эффективности темной ферментации и её внедрения в качестве устойчивой технологии преобразования лигноцеллюлозной биомассы в биоводород.

The work is devoted to the study of inhibitory factors limiting the yield of biohydrogen during the processing of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). In this context, dark fermentation is considered one of the most promising biological methods for producing hydrogen, since it does not require an external energy source, is compatible with modern reactor technologies and allows the use of a wide range of substrates. The main barrier to its industrial application remains the accumulation of toxic compounds formed during the pretreatment of LCB and during fermentation. The work summarizes information on the composition and action of the main inhibitors. The results of the analysis showed that the yield of H₂ during TF reaches 2-4 mol/mol sugar (maximum ~3.8 mol/mol hexose), but drops significantly in the presence of: (i) furans (furfural 0.03-8.23 g/l; 5-HMF 0.09-1.59 g/l), (ii) phenolic compounds of lignin (vanillin, syringaldehyde), (iii) organic acids (formic, acetic, levulinic), (iv) inorganic ions and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, etc.), (v) ammonia and sulfates. Dosedependent effects and changes in microbial community composition are also discussed, such as the effect of pH, the reduction in Clostridium abundance due to furfural, or the increase in Clostridium and Ruminococcaceae abundance with the addition of 5-HMP. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of action of inhibitors and finding ways to reduce their impact are key areas for improving the efficiency of dark fermentation and its implementation as a sustainable technology for converting lignocellulosic biomass into biohydrogen.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.