ИНГИБИТОРЫ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОЙ БИОМАССЫ: МЕХАНИЗМЫ ДЕЙСТВИЯ И ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА (ОБЗОР)

В данной статье проводится анализ ингибирующих факторов, которые препятствуют эффективному производству биоводорода при переработке лигноцеллюлозной биомассы (ЛЦБ). В этом контексте темная ферментация рассматривается как один из наиболее перспективных биологических методов получения водорода, поскольку не требует внешнего источника энергии, совместимо с современными реакторными технологиями и позволяет использовать широкий спектр субстратов. Основным препятствием для его промышленного применения является накопление токсичных соединений, образующихся в процессе предварительной обработки и самой ферментации ЛЦБ. В статье обобщена информация о составе и действии основных ингибиторов. Результаты анализа показывают, что при темной ферментации выход H₂ достигает 2-4 моль/моль сахара (максимум ~3,8 моль/моль гексозы), но значительно снижается в присутствии: (i) фуранов (фурфурол 0,03-8,23 г/л; 5-ГМФ 0,09-1,59 г/л), (ii) лигновых фенолов (ванилин, сиреневый альдегид), (iii) органических кислот (муравьиная, уксусная, левулиновая кислота), (iv) неорганических ионов и тяжелых металлов (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni и др.), (v) аммиака и сульфатов. Также обсуждаются дозозависимые эффекты и изменения в составе микробного сообщества, такие как влияние pH, снижение численности Clostridium из-за фурфурола или увеличение численности Clostridium и Ruminococcaceae при добавлении 5-HMP. Таким образом, понимание механизмов действия ингибиторов и поиск способов снижения их воздействия являются ключевыми направлениями для повышения эффективности темной ферментации и её внедрения в качестве устойчивой технологии преобразования лигноцеллюлозной биомассы в биоводород.

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