PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CALLIGONUM SETOSUM LITV.

The study of the chemical composition of plants and their use to produce pharmaceuticals and biologically active additives are becoming increasingly important in the context of the development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Within the framework of the state program «Digital Kazakhstan» and other national strategies, the country is dedicated to creating innovative solutions in biotechnology, agrochemistry, chemical technology, and pharmaceuticals. Special attention is paid to plants, which can become sources of useful substances. Research on plants such as Calligonum setosum Litv. is especially relevant in the context of increasing domestic pharmaceutical capacities.

The article presents data on the study of the amino acid and fatty acid composition of plant material Calligonum setosum Litv., which grows on the territory of Kazakhstan. The study revealed a high content of amino acids, including glutamic and aspartic acids, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids such as γ-linolenic acid. An analysis of the commodity, evaluation of heavy metal content, and assessment of technological parameters were carried out. The results indicate the potential of using this plant for isolating substances in their pure form, as well as for developing medicines and biologically active additives. The obtained data can become the basis for further research and development of new methods of processing plant raw materials.

1. Dzhuzgun. Zheleznye zemli / Dzhuzgun. – Moskva: Sovetskaya ehntsiklopediya, 1952. – T. 51. (In Russian).

2. Song F. Complete plastome sequencing resolves taxonomic relationships among species of Calligonum L. (Polygonaceae) in China / F. Song i dr. // BMC Plant Biol. – 2020. – Vol. 20. – P. 261. (In English).

3. Omarkhan E.E. Rastenie dzhuzgun (Calligonum setosum L.): primenenie v meditsine / E.E. Omarkhan, M.ZH. Bazarbaeva // Aktual'nye voprosy sovremennoi nauki i obrazovaniya: sbornik statei XXVII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. – Penza, 2023. – S. 229-231. (In English).

4. Issledovanie khimicheskogo sostava rastenii roda Calligonum i ikh farmakologicheskoi aktivnosti [Ehlektronnyi resurs] / Almatinskii meditsinskii universitet. – URL: https://amu.edu.kz/upload/iblock/7a8/7a8ae57c90be3d4acf0e26654d4f6dc7.pdf. (In English).

5. Omarkhan E.E. Khimicheskii sostav rasteniya kandyma shchetinistogo (Calligonum setosum L.) / E.E. Omarkhan // Nauchnoe soobshchestvo studentov: Mezhdistsiplinarnye issledovaniya: sb. st. po mat. CLX mezhdunar. stud. nauch.-prakt. konf. – 2023. – № 5(159). (In English).

6. Barati, S. The Antioxidant Effects of Calligonum Extract on Oxidative Stress in Spermatogonial Stem Cells Culture / S. Barati, M. Movahedin // Pharmaceutical Sciences. – 2021. – Vol. 27, № 4. – P. 521-527. (In English).

7. Alghamdi S.S. Exploring in vitro and in silico Biological Activities of Calligonum Comosum and Rumex Vesicarius: Implications on Anticancer and Antibacterial Therapeutics / S.S. Alghamdi et al // Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. – 2023. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101794. (In English).

8. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. – 2022. – Vol. 35, № 4. – P. 1201-1208. (In English).

9. Pervaiz I. GC-MS metabolic profiling and anti-urease activity of non-polar fractions of Calligonum polygonoides / I. Pervaiz et al // Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. – 2019. – Vol. 18, № 9. – P. 1955-1960. (In English).

10. Duan, H. Complete chloroplast genome of Calligonum mongolicum and comparative analysis with other Calligonum species [Ehlektronnyi resurs] / H. Duan et al // Genes. – 2023. – Vol. 14. – № 2. – P. 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14020441. (In English).

11. Singkh KH.P. Tyazhelye metally v lekarstvennykh rasteniyakh: issledovanie i upravlenie / KH.P. Singkh, M. Makhundzhu, R.T. Bauehr // Fitoterapiya. – 2018. – T. 29, № 3. – S. 160-170. (In Russian).

12. Gardner G. Dzh. Risk zagryazneniya tyazhelymi metallami v travyanykh preparatakh / G.Dzh. Gardner, R.N. Pirs // Ehkologicheskii monitoring i otsenka. – 2010. – T. 166, № 1-4. – S. 307-318. (In Russian).

13. Gosudarstvennaya farmakopeya Respubliki Kazakhstan: v 1 t. – Almaty: Izdatel'skii dom «Zhibek zholY», 2009. – T. 1. (In Russian).

14. Il'in V.B. Tyazhelye metally v sisteme pochva — rastenie / V.B. Il'in. – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1991. – 151 s. (In Russian).

15. Kabata-Pendias A. Mikroehlementy v pochvakh i rasteniyakh / A. Kabata-Pendias, KH. Pendias. – Moskva: Mir, 1989. – 439 s. (In Russian).

16. Danbolt N.C. / Glutamate uptake / N.C. Danbolt // Progress in Neurobiology. – 2001. – Vol. 65, № 1. – P. 1-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0082(00)00067-8. (In English).

17. Smirnov A. Histidine as an Essential Amino Acid in Human Metabolism / A. Smirnov, E. Vorobyeva, A. Gantsev // Amino Acids. – 2018. – Vol. 50, № 4. – P. 1257-1267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2625-3. (In English).

18. Van Winkle L.J. Amino acid transport and metabolism in mammalian preimplantation embryos / L.J. Van Winkle // Frontiers in Bioscience. – 2001. – Vol. 6. – P. 618-630. – https://doi.org/10.2741/vanwink. (In English).

19. Morris S.M. Jr. Arginine metabolism: Enzymology, nutrition, and clinical significance / S.M. Morris Jr. // Journal of Nutrition. – 2004. – Vol. 134, № 10. – P. 2743-2747. – https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.10.2743S. (In English).

20. Layman D.K. The role of leucine in weight loss diets and glucose homeostasis / D.K. Layman // Journal of Nutrition. – 2003. – Vol. 133, № 1. – P. 261-267. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.1.261S. (In English).

21. Felig P. The glucose-alanine cycle / P. Felig // Metabolism. – 1973. – Vol. 22, № 2. – P. 179207. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(73)90269-2. (In English).

22. Fernstrom J.D. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and catecholamine synthesis and function in the brain / J.D. Fernstrom // Journal of Nutrition. – 2000. – Vol. 130, № 2S Suppl. – P. 1539-1547. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.2.1539S. (In English).

23. Brosnan J.T. The sulfur-containing amino acids: An overview / J.T. Brosnan, M.E. Brosnan // Journal of Nutrition. – 2006. – Vol. 136, № 6. – P. 1636-1640. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.6.1636S. (In English).

24. Carta G. Palmitic acid: Physiological role, metabolism and nutritional implications / G. Carta et al // Frontiers in Physiology. – 2017. – Vol. 8. – P. 902. (In English).

25. Dayrit F.M. The Properties of Lauric Acid and Their Significance in Coconut Oil / F.M. Dayrit // Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. – 2015. – Vol. 92, № 1. – P. 1-15. (In English).

26. Trufanov, N.S. Oleinovaya kislota: ee rol' v pitanii i vliyanie na serdechno-sosudistuyu sistemu / N.S. Trufanov, O.N. Tikhonov // Zhurnal kardiologii. – 2010. – T. 16, № 4. – S. 45-50. (In Russian).

27. Fan Y.Y. Importance of dietary gamma-linolenic acid in human health and nutrition / Y.Y. Fan, R.S. Chapkin // The Journal of Nutrition. – 1998. – Vol. 128, № 9. – P. 1411-1414. (In English).

28. Simopoulos A.P. The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids / A.P. Simopoulos // Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. – 2002. – Vol. 56, № 8. – P. 365-379. (In English).