<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz44</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2788-7995</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3006-0524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53360/2788-7995-2026-2(22)-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz44-2680</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МАГНИЕТЕРМИЧЕСКОЕ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ КРЕМНЕЗЁМА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО КРЕМНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MAGNESIOTHERMIC REDUCTION OF RICE HUSK-DERIVED SILICA FOR HIGH-PURITY SILICON SYNTHESIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2883-261X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мулдаш</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muldash</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Диас Рустемулы Мулдаш – научный сотрудник лаборатории инженерного профиля,</p><p>050013, г. Алматы, ул. Сатпаева 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dias Rustemuly Muldash – Researcher, Engineering Profile Laboratory,</p><p>050013, Almaty, Satpayev Street, 22</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muldashevdias@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4583-5805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кажмуратов</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazhmuratov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айдын Рустемович Кажмуратов – научный сотрудник лаборатории инженерного профиля,</p><p>050013, г. Алматы, ул. Сатпаева 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aydyn Rustemovich Kazhmuratov – Researcher, Engineering Profile Laboratory,</p><p>050013, Almaty, Satpayev Street, 22</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kazak4458@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-1605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакенов</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakenov</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калижан Бахытжанулы Шакенов – PhD, ассоциированный профессор, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории инженерного профиля,</p><p>050013, г. Алматы, ул. Сатпаева 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kalizhan Bakhytzhanuly Shakenov – PhD, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher at the Engineering Profile Laboratory,</p><p>050013, Almaty, Satpayev Street, 22</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.shakenov@satbayev.university</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-1969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурзалинов</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murzalinov</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данатбек Онгарбекович Мурзалинов – PhD, научный сотрудник лаборатории инженерного профиля,</p><p>050013, г. Алматы, ул. Сатпаева 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danatbek Ongarbekovich Murzalinov – PhD, Researcher at the Engineering Profile Laboratory,</p><p>050013, Almaty, Satpayev Street, 22</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danatbekmurzalinov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-9477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азат</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azat</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сейтхан Азат – PhD, профессор, Сатбаев Университет, руководитель лаборатории инженерного профиля,</p><p>050013, г. Алматы, ул. Сатпаева 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Seytkhan Azat – Head of the Engineering Laboratory,</p><p>050013, Almaty, Satpayev Street, 22</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">seytkhan.azat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Satbayev University</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Satbayev University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2(22)</issue><fpage>763</fpage><lpage>771</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мулдаш Д.Р., Кажмуратов А.Р., Шакенов К.Б., Мурзалинов Д.О., Азат С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мулдаш Д.Р., Кажмуратов А.Р., Шакенов К.Б., Мурзалинов Д.О., Азат С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muldash D.R., Kazhmuratov A.R., Shakenov K.B., Murzalinov D.O., Azat S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2680">https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2680</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной научно-исследовательской работе подробно изучен процесс магниетермического восстановления (МТВ) аморфного диоксида кремния, извлеченного из рисовой шелухи Кызылординской области, с целью синтеза нанопористого кремния высокой чистоты. Диоксид кремния был экстрагирован методом щелочного выщелачивания с последующим осаждением, что позволило получить прекурсор с развитой удельной поверхностью. В ходе экспериментального исследования при температурах 650-700°C в инертной атмосфере аргона были проанализированы термодинамические закономерности процесса. Особое внимание уделено роли хлорида натрия (NaCl) в качестве теплопоглощающего агента, предотвращающего спекание структуры за счет контроля экзотермического эффекта реакции. Для эффективного удаления побочных фаз, таких как оксид магния (MgO) и остаточный SiO2, применялась многоступенчатая гидрометаллургическая очистка в системе HCl–H2O–EtOH. Фазовый состав и морфологические особенности полученных образцов были детально охарактеризованы методами рентгенофазового анализа (РФА) и сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ). Результаты подтвердили формирование поликристаллического кремния с уникальной иерархической пористой морфологией, полностью унаследованной от структуры биогенного прекурсора. Предложенная методика демонстрирует высокую эффективность и экологическую значимость использования возобновляемого агропромышленного сырья для получения высокотехнологичных наноматериалов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This research paper presents a comprehensive study of the magnesiothermic reduction (MTR) process of amorphous silica derived from rice husks of the Kyzylorda region, aimed at synthesizing high-purity nanoporous silicon. Silica was extracted via alkaline leaching followed by precipitation, yielding a precursor with a highly developed specific surface area. During the experimental study conducted at temperatures of 650–700 °C in an inert argon atmosphere, the thermodynamic patterns of the process were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the role of sodium chloride (NaCl) as a heat-absorbing agent, which prevents structural sintering by controlling the exothermic reaction effect. For the efficient removal of by-products such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and residual SiO2, a multi-stage hydrometallurgical purification in the HCl–H₂O–EtOH system was utilized. The phase composition and morphological features of the synthesized samples were characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results confirmed the formation of polycrystalline silicon with a unique hierarchical porous morphology, entirely inherited from the biogenic precursor structure. The proposed methodology demonstrates high efficiency and environmental significance in utilizing renewable agro-industrial waste for the production of advanced nanomaterials.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>магниетермическое восстановление</kwd><kwd>диоксид кремния</kwd><kwd>рисовая шелуха</kwd><kwd>нанопористый кремний</kwd><kwd>теплопоглотитель</kwd><kwd>NaCl</kwd><kwd>выщелачивание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magnesiothermic reduction</kwd><kwd>silicon dioxide</kwd><kwd>rice husk</kwd><kwd>nanoporous silicon</kwd><kwd>heat scavenger</kwd><kwd>NaCl</kwd><kwd>leaching</kwd><kwd>XRD</kwd><kwd>SEM</kwd><kwd>high-purity silicon</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данное  исследование  финансировалось  Комитетом науки, Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан (грант № BR24992873).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sustainable production of pure silica from rice husk waste in Kazakhstan / S. Azat et al // Journal of Cleaner Production. – 2019. – Vol. 217. – P. 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sustainable production of pure silica from rice husk waste in Kazakhstan / S. Azat et al // Journal of Cleaner Production. – 2019. – Vol. 217. – P. 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silica extraction from rice husk: Comprehensive review and applications / P.U. Nzereogu et al // Hybrid Advances. – 2023. – Vol. 4. – Art. 100111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hybadv.2023.100111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silica extraction from rice husk: Comprehensive review and applications / P.U. Nzereogu et al // Hybrid Advances. – 2023. – Vol. 4. – Art. 100111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hybadv.2023.100111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Entwistle J. A review of magnesiothermic reduction of silica to porous silicon for lithium-ion battery applications and beyond / J. Entwistle, A. Rennie, S. Patwardhan // Journal of Materials Chemistry A. – 2018. – Vol. 6, № 38. – P. 18344-18356. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA06370B.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Entwistle J. A review of magnesiothermic reduction of silica to porous silicon for lithium-ion battery applications and beyond / J. Entwistle, A. Rennie, S. Patwardhan // Journal of Materials Chemistry A. – 2018. – Vol. 6, № 38. – P. 18344-18356. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA06370B.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sustainable biowaste-derived carbon aerogel/MXene composite for mercury removal from water / A. Nursharip et al // Materials Today Sustainability. – 2025. – Vol. 31. – Art. 101132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sustainable biowaste-derived carbon aerogel/MXene composite for mercury removal from water / A. Nursharip et al // Materials Today Sustainability. – 2025. – Vol. 31. – Art. 101132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Efficient fabrication of nanoporous Si and Si/Ge enabled by a heat scavenger in magnesiothermic reactions / W. Luo et al // Scientific Reports. – 2013. – Vol. 3. – Art. 2222. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efficient fabrication of nanoporous Si and Si/Ge enabled by a heat scavenger in magnesiothermic reactions / W. Luo et al // Scientific Reports. – 2013. – Vol. 3. – Art. 2222. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thermochemistry and kinetics of silica dissolution in NaOH solutions: Effect of the alkali concentration / M. Fertani-Gmati et al // Thermochimica Acta. – 2014. – Vol. 594. – P. 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2014.09.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thermochemistry and kinetics of silica dissolution in NaOH solutions: Effect of the alkali concentration / M. Fertani-Gmati et al // Thermochimica Acta. – 2014. – Vol. 594. – P. 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2014.09.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nadiradze A.B. Thermodynamic probability of realization of the process of silicon production from geothermal silica by reduction using magnesium / A.B. Nadiradze // Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences. – 2010. – Vol. 4, № 3. http://science.org.ge/old/moambe/3-2/Nadiradze.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nadiradze A.B. Thermodynamic probability of realization of the process of silicon production from geothermal silica by reduction using magnesium / A.B. Nadiradze // Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences. – 2010. – Vol. 4, № 3. http://science.org.ge/old/moambe/3-2/Nadiradze.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scalable fabrication of silicon nanostructures for anodes of high-performance lithium-ion batteries / J.-K. Yoo et al // Advanced Materials. – 2012. – Vol. 24, № 40. – P. 5452-5456. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201201601.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scalable fabrication of silicon nanostructures for anodes of high-performance lithium-ion batteries / J.-K. Yoo et al // Advanced Materials. – 2012. – Vol. 24, № 40. – P. 5452-5456. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201201601.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee H.D. Investigations on the production of silicon from rice husks by the magnesium method / H.D. Banerjee, S. Sen, H.N. Acharya // Materials Science and Engineering. – 1982. – Vol. 52, № 2. – P. 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(82)90046-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banerjee H.D. Investigations on the production of silicon from rice husks by the magnesium method / H.D. Banerjee, S. Sen, H.N. Acharya // Materials Science and Engineering. – 1982. – Vol. 52, № 2. – P. 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(82)90046-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bekseitova K. Sintez SiO2 iz risovoi shelukhi i ego primenenie / K. Bekseitova, A.Zh. Baimenov, S. Azat // Gorenie i plazmokhimiya. – 2023. – T. 21, № 2. – S. 110-120. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekseitova K. Sintez SiO2 iz risovoi shelukhi i ego primenenie / K. Bekseitova, A.Zh. Baimenov, S. Azat // Gorenie i plazmokhimiya. – 2023. – T. 21, № 2. – S. 110-120. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The effect of heat treatments on the Si anode generated by magnesiothermic reduction of silica from rice husks / S.K. Lim et al // Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. – 2015. – Vol. 26. – P. 101-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.11.023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The effect of heat treatments on the Si anode generated by magnesiothermic reduction of silica from rice husks / S.K. Lim et al // Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. – 2015. – Vol. 26. – P. 101-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.11.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Entwistle J. A review of magnesiothermic reduction of silica to porous silicon for lithium-ion battery applications and beyond / J. Entwistle, A. Rennie, S. Patwardhan // Journal of Materials Chemistry A. – 2018. – Vol. 6, № 38. – P. 18344-18356. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA06370B.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Entwistle J. A review of magnesiothermic reduction of silica to porous silicon for lithium-ion battery applications and beyond / J. Entwistle, A. Rennie, S. Patwardhan // Journal of Materials Chemistry A. – 2018. – Vol. 6, № 38. – P. 18344-18356. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA06370B.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Key developments in magnesiothermic reduction of silica: insights into reactivity and future prospects / Y. Maximilian et al // Chem. Sci. 10.1039/D4SC04065Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D4SC04065A.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Key developments in magnesiothermic reduction of silica: insights into reactivity and future prospects / Y. Maximilian et al // Chem. Sci. 10.1039/D4SC04065Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D4SC04065A.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
