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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz44</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2788-7995</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3006-0524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53360/2788-7995-2026-2(22)-6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz44-2563</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ОПТИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ АНТИОТРАЖАЮЩИХ ПОКРЫТИЙ ДЛЯ КРЕМНИЕВЫХ СОЛНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ANTI-REFLECTION COATINGS FOR SILICON SOLAR CELLS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-3264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джумамухамбетов</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhumamukhambetov</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Насихан Гильманович Джумамухамбетов – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент НИА РК, </p><p>Казахстан, Астана, пр. Женис, 62</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nasikhan Gilmanovich Dzhumamukhambetov – Doctor of Physico-mathematical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, </p><p>62 Zhenis Avenue, Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nasikhan_d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3186-9994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ербаев</surname><given-names>Е. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yerbayev</surname><given-names>E. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ербол Тулегенович Ербаев – кандидат технических наук, руководитель высшей школы,</p><p>Уральск, ул. Жангир хана, 51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Erbol Tulegenovich Yerbayev – PhD, Head of the higher school, </p><p>51 Zhangir Khan Street, Uralsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">erbol.erbaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-7300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джапарова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhaparova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Динара Амангельдиевна Джапарова – кандидат технических наук, старший преподаватель, </p><p>Уральск, ул. Жангир хана, 51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara Amangeldievna Dzhaparova – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior lecturer,</p><p>51 Zhangir Khan Street, Uralsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dinara_jra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-9625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джумамухамбетов</surname><given-names>Ж. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhumamukhambetov</surname><given-names>Zh. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жангирхан Гильманович Джумамухамбетов – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент,</p><p>Атырау, пр. Студенческий, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhangirkhan Gilmanovich Dzhumamukhambetov – Candidate Physico-mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor,</p><p>1 Student Avenue, Atyrau</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dzhumamukhambetov@asu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2718-8798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яшков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yashkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Александрович Яшков – кандидат технических наук, профессор,</p><p>Атырау, ул.Баймуханова, 45а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Alexandrovich Yashkov – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, </p><p>45a Baimukhanov Street, Atyrau</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Yashkov2409@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский агротехнический исследовательский университет им.С.Сейфуллина</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Западно-Казахстанский аграрно-технический университет им. Жангир хана</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Атырауский университет им. Х. Досмухамедова</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>H. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Атырауский университет нефти и газа им. С. Утебаева</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. Utebayev Atyrau University of Oil and Gas</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2(22)</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Джумамухамбетов Н.Г., Ербаев Е.Т., Джапарова Д.А., Джумамухамбетов Ж.Г., Яшков В.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Джумамухамбетов Н.Г., Ербаев Е.Т., Джапарова Д.А., Джумамухамбетов Ж.Г., Яшков В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dzhumamukhambetov N.G., Yerbayev E.T., Dzhaparova D.A., Dzhumamukhambetov Z.G., Yashkov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2563">https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2563</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной работе представлено комплексное математическое моделирование влияния антиотражающего покрытия на оптические характеристики и эффективность кремниевого солнечного элемента. Анализ основан на уравнениях Френеля и интерференционной модели тонких плёнок, которые используются для оценки спектральной зависимости коэффициентов отражения и поглощения солнечного излучения в диапазоне длин волн 400-1100 нм. Особое внимание уделено взаимодействию падающего излучения с поверхностью кремния и роли оптических потерь, ограничивающих эффективность устройства.</p><p>Полученные результаты показывают, что применение антиотражающего покрытия на основе нитрида кремния (Si₃N₄) приводит к существенному снижению отражения от поверхности и соответствующему увеличению поглощения падающего солнечного излучения. Проведено детальное моделирование зависимости коэффициента отражения от толщины покрытия, что позволило определить оптимальную толщину антиотражающего слоя при стандартных условиях освещения. Полученные результаты согласуются с теоретическими оценками и опубликованными экспериментальными данными.</p><p>Дополнительно проведена оценка влияния оптических потерь на общую фотоэлектрическую эффективность с учётом спектрального распределения солнечного излучения и его вклада в генерацию фототока. Показано, что снижение отражательных потерь непосредственно приводит к увеличению фототока и повышению эффективности фотоэлектрического преобразования энергии. Предложенный подход может быть использован в качестве эффективного инструмента для проектирования и оптимизации тонкоплёночных покрытий в современных высокоэффективных кремниевых солнечных элементах, а также может быть расширен на другие фотоэлектрические материалы и многослойные покрытия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical modeling study of the effect of an antireflection coating on the optical characteristics and performance of a silicon solar cell. The analysis is based on the Fresnel equations and the thin-film interference model, which are used to evaluate the spectral dependence of the reflection and absorption coefficients of solar radiation in the wavelength range of 400- 1100 nm. Particular attention is given to the interaction of incident light with the silicon surface and the role of optical losses in limiting device efficiency.</p><p>The results demonstrate that the application of an anti-reflection coating based on silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) leads to a significant reduction in surface reflectance and a corresponding increase in the absorption of incident solar radiation. A detailed modeling study of the dependence of the reflection coefficient on the coating thickness was carried out, allowing the determination of the optimal thickness of the anti-reflection layer under standard illumination conditions. The obtained results are consistent with theoretical predictions and reported experimental data.</p><p>In addition, the influence of optical losses on the overall photovoltaic performance was evaluated by considering the spectral distribution of solar irradiance and its contribution to photocurrent generation. It was shown that reducing reflection losses directly contributes to an increase in photocurrent and an improvement in the efficiency of photovoltaic energy conversion. The proposed modeling approach provides a useful framework for the design and optimization of thin-film coatings in modern high-efficiency silicon solar cells and can be extended to other photovoltaic materials and multilayer coating systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кремниевые солнечные элементы</kwd><kwd>антиотражающие покрытия</kwd><kwd>оптика тонких пленок</kwd><kwd>коэффициент отражения</kwd><kwd>спектральное поглощение</kwd><kwd>фототок</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>silicon solar cells</kwd><kwd>anti-reflection coatings</kwd><kwd>thin-film optics</kwd><kwd>reflection coefficient</kwd><kwd>spectral absorption</kwd><kwd>photocurrent</kwd><kwd>mathematical modeling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Green M.A. Third Generation Photovoltaics: Advanced Solar Energy Conversion / M.A. Green. – Berlin: Springer, – 2006. – 172 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Green M.A. Third Generation Photovoltaics: Advanced Solar Energy Conversion / M.A. Green. – Berlin: Springer, – 2006. – 172 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEA PVPS. 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