kaz44Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические наукиBulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences2788-79953006-0524«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ10.53360/2788-7995-2026-2(22)-49kaz44-2546Research ArticleПИЩЕВАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯРОЛЬ ДНК-ГЛИКОЗИЛАЗ В ПОДДЕРЖАНИИ СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ГЕНОМАTHE ROLE OF DNA GLYCOSYLASES IN MAINTAINING GENOME STABILITYhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-9292-0153СарсенбаеваУ.SarsenbayevaU.

Улан Базарбаевна Сарсенбаева – докторант факультета «Биологии и биотехнологии», 050040, Алматы, проспект аль-Фараби 71;

050012, Алматы, ул. Досмухамедова 86;

050000, Алматы, ул. Толеби 94

Ulan Sarsenbayeva – PhD student, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, 050040, Almaty, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue;

050012, Almaty, Dosmukhamedova 86;

050000, Almaty, Tole bi 94

ulansarsenbayeva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-9957-1747АлмасбековаА.AlmasbekovaA.

Адина Әшірханқызы Алмасбекова – докторант факультета «Биологии и биотехнологии», 050040, Алматы, проспект аль-Фараби 71;

050012, Алматы, ул. Досмухамедова 86;

050000, Алматы, ул. Толеби 94

Adina Almasbekova – PhD student, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, 050040, Almaty, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue;

050012, Almaty, Dosmukhamedova 86;

050000, Almaty, Tole bi 94

almasbekovaadina94@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-5521ШариповК.SharipovK.

Камалидин Орынбаевич Шарипов – Доктор биологических наук, профессор, директор института, 050012, Алматы, ул. Досмухамедова 86;

050000, Алматы, ул. Толеби 94

Kamalidin Sharipov – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor and Director of the Institute, 050012, Almaty, Dosmukhamedova 86;

050000, Almaty, Tole bi 94

sharipov.k@kaznmu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-1682ТайпақоваС.TaipakovaS.

Сабира Мықтыбекқызы Тайпақова – PhD, ассоциированный профессор кафедры «Молекулярной биологии и генетики», 

050040, Алматы, проспект аль-Фараби 71

Sabira Taipakova – PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 

050040, Almaty, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue

sabira.taipakova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-1074СапарбаевМ.SaparbayevM.

Мурат Калиевич Сапарбаев – кандидат биологических наук, профессор кафедры молекулярной биологии и  генетики, 

050040, Алматы, проспект аль-Фараби 71

Murat Saparbayev – candidate biological sciences, professor of the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 

050040, Almaty, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue

murat.saparbaev@gustaveroussy.frКазахский Национальный университет имени аль-Фараби; Институт молекулярной биологии и биохимии им. М. Айтхожина; Казахский Национальный Медицинский университет имени С.Д. АсфендияроваКазахстанal-Farabi Kazakh National University; M. Aitkozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; S. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical UniversityKazakhstanИнститут молекулярной биологии и биохимии им. М. Айтхожина; Казахский Национальный Медицинский университет имени С.Д. АсфендияроваКазахстанM. Aitkozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistr; S. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical UniversityKazakhstanКазахский Национальный университет имени аль-ФарабиКазахстанal-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstan20262907202602(22)445457Copyright © Сарсенбаева У., Алмасбекова А., Шарипов К., Тайпақова С., Сапарбаев М., 20262026Сарсенбаева У., Алмасбекова А., Шарипов К., Тайпақова С., Сапарбаев М.Sarsenbayeva U., Almasbekova A., Sharipov K., Taipakova S., Saparbayev M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2546

Стабильность генома имеет основополагающее значение для жизнеспособности клеток, эволюционной стабильности организмов и сохранения их функциональной целостности. Эндогенные повреждения, в частности окислительная модификация азотистых оснований, возникающая в результате клеточного метаболизма, являются одним из основных факторов, нарушающих структуру ДНК. Чтобы предотвратить накопление мутаций, клетки используют систему репарации эксцизией оснований (BER), в которой ДНК-гликозилазы играют ключевую роль. Эти ферменты распознают и удаляют поврежденные или несоответствующие основания, тем самым инициируя каскад реакций репарации.

Аденин ДНК-гликозилазы, принадлежащие к семейству MutY/MUTYH, уникальны тем, что они не удаляют поврежденные основания напрямую, а скорее исправляют ошибки репликации, возникающие в результате окислительного повреждения гуанина. У бактерий эту функцию выполняет фермент MutY, тогда как у эукариот – его гомолог MUTYH. Эти ферменты предотвращают закрепление мутаций перехода G:C → T:A, тем самым значительно снижая уровень спонтанного мутагенеза.

В данном обзоре обсуждается роль ДНК-гликозилаз в поддержании геномной стабильности, особое внимание уделяется молекулярным механизмам функционирования аденин-ДНК-гликозилаз, их месту в системе BER, эволюционной консервативности, а также их значению в биотехнологии, молекулярной генетике и прикладных исследованиях.

Genome stability is fundamental to cell viability, the evolutionary stability of organisms, and the preservation of their functional integrity. Endogenous damage, particularly the oxidative modification of nitrogenous bases resulting from cellular metabolism, is one of the main factors disrupting DNA structure. To prevent the accumulation of mutations, cells utilize a base excision repair (BER) system in which DNA glycosylases play a pivotal role. These enzymes recognize and remove damaged or mismatched bases, thereby initiating a cascade of repair reactions.

Adenine DNA glycosylases belonging to the MutY/MUTYH family are unique in that they do not directly remove damaged bases, but rather correct replication errors arising from oxidative damage to guanine. In bacteria, this function is performed by the MutY enzyme, whereas in eukaryotes it is performed by its homologue, MUTYH. These enzymes prevent G:C → T:A transition mutations from becoming fixed, thereby significantly reducing the level of spontaneous mutagenesis.

This review discusses the role of DNA glycosylases in maintaining genomic stability, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of adenine DNA glycosylase function, their place in the BER system, evolutionary conservation, and their significance in biotechnology, molecular genetics, and applied research.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.