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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz44</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2788-7995</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3006-0524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53360/2788-7995-2026-2(22)-9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz44-2484</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ РАКА ПЕЧЕНИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МОДЕЛЕЙ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ (ML)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LIVER CANCER PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING (ML) MODELS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1496-3188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карымсакова</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karymsakova</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Индира Бекеновна Карымсакова – PhD доктор кафедры «Автоматизация и информационные технологии», </p><p>071412, г. Семей, ул. Глинки, 20 А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Indira Bekenovna Karymsakova – PhD, Department of Automation and Information Technologies, </p><p>071412, Semey, 20 A Glinka Street</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5311-1221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шырынханова</surname><given-names>Д. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shyrynkhanova</surname><given-names>D. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Динара Жаксылыковна Шырынханова – докторант Школы цифровых технологий и искусственного интеллекта, </p><p>070004, ул. Серикбаева, 19, г. Усть-Каменогорск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara Zhaksylykovna Shyrynkhanova – Doctoral (PhD) student, School of Digital Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, </p><p>070004, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 19 Serikbayeva Street</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.shyrynkhanova@shakarim.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-3451</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жомартқызы</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhomartkyzy</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гүльназ Жомартқызы – PhD доктор, ассоциированный профессор Школы цифровых технологий и искусственного интеллекта, </p><p>070004, ул. Серикбаева, 19, г. Усть-Каменогорск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnaz Zhomartkyzy – PhD, Associate Professor, School of Digital Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, </p><p>070004, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 19 Serikbayeva Street</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GZhomartkyzy@edu.ektu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4327-3899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожахметова</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhakhmetova</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Динара Ошановна Кожахметова – PhD доктор, ассоциированный профессор кафедры «Автоматизация и информационные технологии», </p><p>071412, г. Семей, ул. Глинки, 20 А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara Oshanovna Kozhakhmetova – PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Automation and Information Technologies, </p><p>071412, Semey, 20 A Glinka Street</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.kojahmetova@shakarim.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8244-6043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устинова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustinova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Анатольевна Устинова – старший преподаватель кафедры «Автоматизация и информационные технологии», </p><p>071412, г. Семей, ул. Глинки, 20 А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana Anatolyevna Ustinova – Senior Lecturer of the Department of Automation and Information Technologies, </p><p>071412, Semey, 20 A Glinka Street</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ustinova-ta@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Шәкәрім университет</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shakarim University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Восточно-Казахстанский технический университет имени Д. Серикбаева</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2(22)</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карымсакова И.Б., Шырынханова Д.Ж., Жомартқызы Г., Кожахметова Д.О., Устинова Т.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карымсакова И.Б., Шырынханова Д.Ж., Жомартқызы Г., Кожахметова Д.О., Устинова Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karymsakova I.B., Shyrynkhanova D.Z., Zhomartkyzy G., Kozhakhmetova D.O., Ustinova T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2484">https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2484</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе открытого набора структурированных клинических данных выполнена сравнительная оценка моделей машинного обучения для прогнозирования риска рака печени. В исследовании использован датасет платформы Kaggle (N=5000): целевая переменная Liver_cancer, 13 признаков (9 числовых, 4 категориальных), классы несбалансированы (0: 78,22%, 1: 21,78%). Этапы предобработки данных, обучения моделей и оценивания выполнены в рамках единого экспериментального протокола. Числовые переменные нормализованы посредством стандартизации; категориальные переменные закодированы в бинарном формате.</p><p>В сравнительный анализ включены логистическая регрессия (Logistic Regression), метод опорных векторов (Support Vector Machine с RBF-ядром), k ближайших соседей (k-Nearest Neighbors), случайный лес (Random Forest) и градиентный бустинг (Gradient Boosting). Все модели оценивались по метрикам точности (accuracy), прецизионности (precision), чувствительности (recall/sensitivity), специфичности (specificity), F1-меры (F1-score) и площади под ROC-кривой (ROC-AUC).</p><p>По результатам эксперимента градиентный бустинг (Gradient Boosting) продемонстрировал наивысшую совокупную эффективность: ROC-AUC=0.999498, Accuracy=0.9754, Precision=0.998967, Sensitivity=0.887971, Specificity=0.999744, F1=0.940204. Хотя SVM (RBF) и Random Forest обеспечивали стабильную дискриминацию, по чувствительности и F1 они уступали Gradient Boosting. Полученные результаты показывают, что при выборе модели на основе структурированных клинических признаков необходим комплексный анализ метрик; в качестве ограничений отмечены несбалансированность классов и отсутствие внешней валидации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A comparative evaluation of machine learning models for predicting liver cancer risk was performed using an open structured clinical dataset. A Kaggle dataset was used in the study (N=5000): target variable Liver_cancer, 13 features (9 numerical, 4 categorical), with class imbalance (0: 78.22%, 1: 21.78%). Data preprocessing, model training and evaluation were carried out within a unified experimental protocol. Numerical variables were normalized via standardization; categorical variables were encoded in binary format.</p><p>The comparative analysis included Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine with an RBF kernel, k-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting. All models were evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall (sensitivity), specificity, F1-score, and the area under the ROC curve (ROC-AUC).</p><p>Gradient Boosting achieved the highest overall performance: ROC-AUC=0.999498, Accuracy=0.9754, Precision=0.998967, Sensitivity=0.887971, Specificity=0.999744, F1=0.940204. Although SVM (RBF) and Random Forest demonstrated stable discrimination, they underperformed compared to Gradient Boosting in terms of sensitivity and F1. The results indicate that selecting a model based on structured clinical features requires a comprehensive multi-metric assessment; key limitations include class imbalance and the absence of external validation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак печени</kwd><kwd>структурированные клинические данные</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>градиентный бустинг</kwd><kwd>сравнительный анализ</kwd><kwd>ROC-AUC</kwd><kwd>чувствительность</kwd><kwd>специфичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver cancer</kwd><kwd>structured clinical data</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>gradient boosting</kwd><kwd>comparative analysis</kwd><kwd>ROC-AUC</kwd><kwd>sensitivity</kwd><kwd>specificity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Cancer Observatory (GCO). Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts: Fact sheet. 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