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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz44</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2788-7995</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3006-0524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53360/2788-7995-2026-2(22)-8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz44-2477</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АДАПТИВНОЕ РОБАСТНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫМИ СИСТЕМАМИ ВТОРОГО ПОРЯДКА С НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫМИ ПАРАМЕТРАМИ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕТОДА ОБРАТНОЙ СВЯЗИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ADAPTIVE ROBUST CONTROL OF SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR SYSTEMS WITH UNDETERMINED PARAMETERS BASED ON THE BACKSTEPPING METHOD</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5282-700X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сейлханова</surname><given-names>М. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seilkhanova</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молдир Трусбековна Сейлханова – магистр, докторант кафедры «Математическое и компьютерное моделирование», </p><p>010000, Астана қ., Сәтпаев көшесі, 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moldir Seilkhanova – Master’s degree, doctoral student of the Department of Mathematical and Computer Modeling,</p><p>010000, Astana, Satpayev Street, 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mbt_kz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Әлімхан</surname><given-names>Қ.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimhan</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Қилан Әлімхан – PhD, профессор кафедры «Математическое и компьютерное моделирование»,</p><p>010000, Астана қ., Сәтпаев көшесі, 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Keylan Alimhan – PhD, Professor of the Department of Mathematical and Computer Modeling, </p><p>010000, Astana, Satpayev Street, 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы Еуразия ұлттық университеті</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2(22)</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сейлханова М.Т., Әлімхан Қ., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сейлханова М.Т., Әлімхан Қ.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Seilkhanova M., Alimhan K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2477">https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2477</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуется проблема управления нелинейным жестким объектом класса обратной связи с неопределенными параметрами и внешними воздействиями. Основная цель исследования – разработка адаптивного алгоритма управления, обеспечивающего робастность системы и гарантирующего крупномасштабное равномерное ограничение всех сигналов.</p><p>Для компенсации неизвестных динамических функций используется метод рекурсивного синтеза (бэкстеппинга) и законы адаптивной аппроксимации в сочетании. Крупномасштабная устойчивость замкнутой системы доказана аналитически с использованием метода функций Ляпунова, и показано, что ошибка управления сходится к ограниченной окрестности нуля.</p><p>В результате исследования была сформулирована задача управления для нелинейных систем второго порядка со строгой обратной связью, неопределенными параметрами и ограниченными внешними воздействиями, и конструктивно показано, что эта задача может быть решена с помощью адаптивно-робастного управления. В частности, на основе метода обратной связи было введено существование закона управления, обеспечивающего управление заданной эталонной траекторией, и предложен пошаговый метод его создания: сначала создавалось виртуальное управление, а затем определялись адаптивные законы управления. Устойчивость замкнутой системы, равномерная ограниченность всех сигналов и сходимость ошибки управления к ограниченной окрестности нуля были доказаны с помощью метода функций Ляпунова. Таким образом, в работе представлен не только отдельный алгоритм управления, но и теоретический и конструктивный подход, обосновывающий разрешимость задачи управления для класса неопределенных нелинейных систем.</p><p>Для проверки предложенного метода на практике было проведено численное моделирование динамики одно суставного робота-манипулятора. Результаты показали, что предложенный адаптивный алгоритм обратной связи поддерживает ограниченный режим движения системы в случае внезапного изменения параметра нагрузки и наличия внешних воздействий. Было проведено численное сравнение показателей среднеквадратичной ошибки (MSE), максимальной ошибки и времени установления, и было установлено, что качество управления зависит от выбора параметров алгоритма. Этот метод может быть использован для управления мехатронными и роботизированными системами с неопределенностью параметров, но перед практическим применением требуется дополнительная настройка коэффициентов управления.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article investigates the control problem for a class of nonlinear strict-feedback systems with uncertain parameters and external disturbances. The main objective of the study is to develop an adaptive control algorithm that ensures system robustness and guarantees semi-global uniform boundedness of all signals.</p><p>To compensate for unknown dynamic functions, the recursive synthesis method, namely backstepping, is combined with adaptive approximation laws. The semi-global stability of the closed-loop system is analytically proven using the Lyapunov function method, and it is shown that the tracking error converges to a bounded neighborhood of zero.</p><p>As a result of the study, the control problem is formulated for second-order nonlinear strict-feedback systems with uncertain parameters and bounded external disturbances, and it is constructively demonstrated that this problem can be solved by means of adaptive robust control. In particular, the existence of a control law ensuring tracking of a given reference trajectory is established on the basis of the backstepping method, and a step-by-step synthesis procedure for its construction is proposed: first, a virtual control is designed, and then adaptive control laws are defined. Using the Lyapunov function method, the stability of the closed-loop system, the uniform boundedness of all signals, and the convergence of the tracking error to a bounded neighborhood of zero are proven. Thus, the work proposes not only a specific control algorithm, but also a theoretical and constructive approach that substantiates the solvability of the control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems.</p><p>To verify the proposed method in practice, numerical simulation was carried out for the dynamics of a single-link robotic manipulator. The results showed that the proposed adaptive backstepping algorithm preserves the bounded motion mode of the system under sudden changes in the load parameter and in the presence of external disturbances. A numerical comparison was performed using the MSE, maximum error, and settling time criteria, and it was found that the control performance depends on the choice of algorithm parameters. The proposed method can be applied to the control of mechatronic and robotic systems with parametric uncertainty; however, additional tuning of the control gains is required before practical implementation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нелинейная система</kwd><kwd>класс обратной связи</kwd><kwd>робастное управление</kwd><kwd>адаптивное управление</kwd><kwd>функция Ляпунова</kwd><kwd>PID-регулятор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nonlinear system</kwd><kwd>feedback class</kwd><kwd>robust control</kwd><kwd>adaptive control</kwd><kwd>Lyapunov function</kwd><kwd>PID controller</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robust output control of twin rotor nonlinear multichannel object / S.A. 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