kaz44Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические наукиBulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences2788-79953006-0524«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ10.53360/2788-7995-2026-2(22)-69kaz44-2337Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯКРАТКИЙ ОБЗОР МЕТОДОВ МИКРОВОЛНОВОГО ВЫЩЕЛАЧИВАНИЯ ЗОЛО-ШЛАКОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ АМОРФНОГО ГРАФИТАA MINI REVIEW ON LEACHING METHODS OF ASH AND SLAG WASTE USING AMORPHOUS GRAPHITE IN A MICROWAVE FURNACEБаатарбекН.БаатарбекN.

Нурсауле Баатарбек – студент PhD 3 курса факультета химии и химической технологии,

г. Алматы, проспект аль-Фараби, 71

Nursaule Baatarbek – is a 3nd-year PhD student at the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology,

71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty

b.nurka@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-0013-1926КамунурК.KamunurK.

Қастер Камунур – доктор PhD, ведущий научный сотрудник, 

г. Алматы, проспект аль-Фараби, 71;

г. Алматы, ул. Богенбай батыра, 172

Kaster Kamunur – PhD, Senior Researcher, 

71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty;

172 Bogenbai Batyr Street, Almaty

kamunur.k@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3879-0410ОнуральпЮ.YücelO.

Ючел Онеральп – профессор,

Ayazağa-Maslak, 34467 Sarıyer, Стамбул

Yücel Oneralp – Professor,

Ayazağa-Maslak, 34467 Sarıyer, Istanbul

yucel@itu.edu.trКазахский национальный университет имени аль-ФарабиКазахстанal-Farabi Kаzakh National UniversityKazakhstanКазахский национальный университет имени аль-Фараби; Институт проблем горенияКазахстанal-Farabi Kаzakh National University; Institute of Combustion ProblemsKazakhstanСтамбульский технический университетТурцияIstanbul Technical UniversityTurkey20262907202602(22)674689Copyright © Баатарбек Н., Камунур К., Онуральп Ю., 20262026Баатарбек Н., Камунур К., Онуральп Ю.Баатарбек N., Kamunur K., Yücel O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2337

В настоящее время переработка золошлаковых отходов, образующихся на тепловых электростанциях, и эффективное извлечение из них ценных металлов, таких как алюминий, является одной из важных экологических и экономических задач. Традиционные методы извлечения алюминия – кислотное и щелочное выщелачивание, высокотемпературная термическая обработка, пирометаллургические процессы и методы органической экстракции – характеризуются высоким энергопотреблением, негативным воздействием на окружающую среду и низкой экономической эффективностью.

В данном обзорном исследовании проведён комплексный анализ современных технологий извлечения алюминия из промышленных золошлаковых отходов с сравнительной оценкой их эффективности, энергетических затрат и технологических ограничений. Особое внимание уделено технологии микроволнового выщелачивания с использованием аморфного графита, а также систематизированы её преимущества по сравнению с традиционными методами.

Результаты литературного обзора показывают, что микроволновое выщелачивание является перспективным направлением благодаря энергоэффективности, ускорению кинетики реакций, повышению степени перехода алюминия в раствор и снижению экологической нагрузки. Кроме того, в работе определены основные научные преимущества данной технологии и ключевые направления её дальнейшего развития, включая глубину проникновения микроволн и оптимизацию режимов мощности и температуры.

Таким образом, данная обзорная работа систематизирует научные основы применения микроволновых технологий в переработке золошлаковых отходов и способствует разработке новых экологически безопасных методов эффективного извлечения алюминия из отходов.

Currently, the recycling of ash-slag waste generated by thermal power plants and the efficient recovery of valuable metals such as aluminum from these materials represent one of the most important environmental and economic challenges. Traditional aluminum extraction methods, including acid and alkaline leaching, high-temperature thermal treatment, pyrometallurgical processes, and organic extraction techniques, are characterized by high energy consumption, significant environmental impact, and low economic efficiency.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of modern methods for extracting aluminum from industrial ash-slag waste, comparing their efficiency, energy consumption, and technological limitations. Special attention is given to microwave-assisted leaching technology using amorphous graphite, and its advantages over conventional methods are systematically evaluated.

The results of the literature review indicate that microwave-assisted leaching is a promising approach due to its energy efficiency, accelerated reaction kinetics, increased aluminum dissolution rate, and reduced environmental burden. Furthermore, this review highlights the scientific advantages of the proposed technology and identifies key areas for further development, including optimization of microwave penetration depth, power input, and temperature regimes.

Thus, this review systematizes the scientific basis for the application of microwave technologies in the processing of ash–slag waste and contributes to the development of new, environmentally friendly methods for the efficient recovery of aluminum from waste materials.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.