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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaz44</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2788-7995</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3006-0524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53360/2788-7995-2025-3(19)-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaz44-2237</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ И МЕХАНИКА (ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS (ORIGINAL ARTICLE)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ УПРОЧНЁННОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ КОНСТРУКЦИОННЫХ СТАЛЕЙ ПРИ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТНО-ПЛАЗМЕННОЙ ЗАКАЛКЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF A STRENGTHENED STRUCTURE OF STRUCTURAL STEELS DURING ELECTROLYTIC-PLASMA HARDENING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кусаинов</surname><given-names>Р. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kussainov</surname><given-names>R. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ринат Кенжеевич Кусаинов – руководитель Инжинирингового центра «Упрочняющиетехнологий и покрытия»</p><p>071412, Республика Казахстан, Семей, ул. Глинки 20а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinat Kussainov – Head of the Engineering Center «Strengthening Technologies and Coatings»</p><p>071412, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semey, Glinki Street 20a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rinat.k.kus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шынарбек</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shynarbek</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айбек Бакытжанулы Шынарбек – научный сотрудник Инжинирингового центра «Упрочняющиетехнологий и покрытия»</p><p>071412, Республика Казахстан, Семей, ул. Глинки 20а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aibek Shynarbek – Researcher at the Engineering Center «Strengthening Technologies and Coatings»</p><p>071412, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semey, Glinki Street 20a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aibeek-99@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курмангалиев</surname><given-names>Р. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmangaliyev</surname><given-names>R. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ринат Хамитулы Курмангалиев – младший научный сотрудник Инжинирингового центра «Упрочняющие технологии и покрытия»</p><p>071412, Республика Казахстан, Семей, ул. Глинки 20а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinat Kurmangaliyev – Junior Researcher at the Engineering Center «Strengthening Technologies and Coatings»</p><p>071412, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semey, Glinki Street 20a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rinat_real@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадырболат</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyrbolat</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нұрлат Ерболұлы Қадырболат – студент группы ТЭ-201 Шәкәрім университет</p><p>071412, Республика Казахстан, Семей, ул. Глинки 20а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nurlat Kadyrbolat – Student, group TE-201</p><p>071412, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semey, Glinki Street 20a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ersinnur44@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусатаева</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musatayeva</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назира Ержановна Мусатаева – студент группы Ф-302</p><p>071412, Республика Казахстан, Семей, ул. Глинки 20а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nazira Musatayeva – Student, group F-302</p><p>071412, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semey, Glinki Street 20a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naziramusataeva51@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Шәкәрім университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Shakarim University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3(19)</issue><fpage>203</fpage><lpage>208</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кусаинов Р.К., Шынарбек А.Б., Курмангалиев Р.Х., Кадырболат Н.Е., Мусатаева Н.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кусаинов Р.К., Шынарбек А.Б., Курмангалиев Р.Х., Кадырболат Н.Е., Мусатаева Н.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kussainov R.K., Shynarbek A.B., Kurmangaliyev R.K., Kadyrbolat N.E., Musatayeva N.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2237">https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2237</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты комплексного исследования влияния электролитно-плазменной закалки (ЭПЗ) на микроструктуру и механические свойства конструкционной стали марки Ст4. Данная сталь широко используется в тяжёлом машиностроении и железнодорожном транспорте, где детали эксплуатируются в условиях интенсивного износа и переменных нагрузок, что определяет актуальность разработки эффективных методов её упрочнения. Эксперименты проводились на образцах, вырезанных из бандажа железнодорожного колеса, что позволяет рассматривать полученные результаты как практически значимые. Обработка осуществлялась в электролите состава: 10 % карбамид + 20 % карбонат натрия + 70 % вода. Режим ЭПЗ включал напряжение 280 В, силу тока 40 А и продолжительность воздействия 9 секунд. Такой режим обеспечил высокоскоростной нагрев поверхностного слоя до аустенитного состояния с последующим мгновенным охлаждением в электролите. Исследования, выполненные методами сканирующей электронной микроскопии и металлографического анализа, показали, что после ЭПЗ в поверхностном слое толщиной 1,0-1,5 мм формируется характерная игольчатая структура мартенсита. Измерения микротвёрдости подтвердили значительный эффект упрочнения: показатель увеличился в четыре раза – с 200 HV до 800 HV. Существенный рост твёрдости сопровождался повышением износостойкости и трещиностойкости при сохранении пластичных свойств сердцевины материала. Полученные результаты демонстрируют высокую эффективность ЭПЗ как экологичного и энергосберегающего метода локальной термообработки, который может быть рекомендован для повышения эксплуатационной надёжности и долговечности ответственных деталей из конструкционной стали Ст4.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents the results of a comprehensive study on the effect of electrolytic-plasma hardening (EPH) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of structural steel grade St4. This steel is widely used in heavy engineering and railway transport, where components operate under conditions of severe wear and variable loads, which highlights the relevance of developing effective strengthening methods. The experiments were carried out on specimens cut from a railway wheel rim, which makes the obtained results practically significant. The treatment was performed in an electrolyte consisting of 10% urea + 20% sodium carbonate + 70% water. The EPH regime included a voltage of 280 V, a current of 40 A, and a treatment duration of 9 seconds. This regime provided rapid heating of the surface layer to the austenitic state followed by instantaneous quenching in the electrolyte. Investigations carried out using scanning electron microscopy and metallographic analysis revealed that after EPH, the surface layer with a thickness of 1.0–1.5 mm consisted of a characteristic needle-shaped martensitic structure. Microhardness measurements confirmed a significant strengthening effect: the hardness increased fourfold from 200 HV to 800 HV. The substantial increase in hardness was accompanied by improved wear resistance and crack resistance, while maintaining the plastic properties of the material core. The obtained results demonstrate the high efficiency of EPH as an environmentally friendly and energy-saving local heat treatment method, which can be recommended to enhance the operational reliability and service life of critical components made of St4 structural steel.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электролитно-плазменная закалка</kwd><kwd>сталь Ст4</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>микротвёрдость</kwd><kwd>мартенсит</kwd><kwd>износостойкость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electrolytic-plasma hardening</kwd><kwd>St4 steel</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>microhardness</kwd><kwd>martensite</kwd><kwd>wear resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markov D.P. Introduction of Hardenability Assessment Standards for Improving the Quality of Low-Carbon Steel Products / D.P. 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