kaz44Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические наукиBulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences2788-79953006-0524«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ10.53360/2788-7995-2025-4(20)-72kaz44-2170Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ (ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ)CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (ORIGINAL ARTICLE)ПЕРЕРАБОТКА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ И ПИЩЕВЫХ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОТХОДОВ МЕТОДОМ ПИРОЛИЗА: СОСТАВ, ПОДГОТОВКА И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯPROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD BIOWASTE BY PYROLYSIS: COMPOSITION, PREPARATION, AND APPLICATION PROSPECTShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-5608МутушевА. Ж.MutushevA. Z.

Алибек Жумабекович Мутушев – PhD 

050059, Республика Казахстан, Алматы, аль-Фараби 7к, блок 5 A,050012, Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы, Толе би 100

Alibek Zhumabekovich Mutushev – PhD, AlmatyTechnological University

Almaty, Al-Farabi 7k, Nurly Tau Business Center, Block 5A, 334b, 050059, KazakhstanAlmaty Technological University; Almaty, Tole bi st., 100, 050012, Kazakhstan 

alibek_090@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8981-307XСейсеноваА. Б.SeisenovaA. B.

Акнур Бердибаевна Сейсенова – PhD

050059, Республика Казахстан, Алматы, аль-Фараби 7к, блок 5 A

050059, Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы, аль-Фараби 7к, блок 5 A

Aknur Berdibayevna Seisenova – PhD,

Almaty, Al-Farabi 7k, Nurly Tau Business Center, Block 5A, 334b, 050059, Kazakhstan 

Al-Farabi 7k, Nurly Tau Business Center, Block 5A, 334b, 050059, Kazakhstan 

z_aknura@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1979-7625КапизовО. С.KapizovO. S.

Омирзак Сембиулы Капизов 

050059, Республика Казахстан, Алматы, аль-Фараби 7к, блок 5 A

050059, Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы, аль-Фараби 7к, блок 5 A

Omirzak Sembiuly Kapizov 

Almaty, Al-Farabi 7k, Nurly Tau Business Center, Block 5A, 334b, 050059, Kazakhstan 

Al-Farabi 7k, Nurly Tau Business Center, Block 5A, 334b, 050059, Kazakhstan 

ok-sir@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-1645-8625МухановД. К.MukhanovD. K.

Даурен Кабдракимович Муханов – докторант факультета химии и химической технологии

040602, Республика Казахстан, Алматинская область, с. Аккайнар, ул. Суранчи Батыра, 26050040, Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы, пр. аль-Фараби, 71 

Dauren Kabdrakimovich Mukhanov – Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology

Akkainar Village, Zhambyl District, Almaty Region, Suranshy Batyr Street, 26, 040602, Kazakhstan71 al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty, 050040 

dd_511@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-2197Гонсалез-лилХ. М.González-LealJ. M.

Хуан Мария Гонзалез-лил – Профессор кафедры физики конденсированных сред факультета естественных наук

11510-Puerto Real, Кадиз, Испания 

González-Leal, Juan María – Professor, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Sciences

11510-Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain 

juanmaria.gonzalez@uca.esScientific Center for New Technologies; Алматинский технологический университетКазахстанScientific Center for New Technologies; Almaty Technological UniversityKazakhstanScientific Center for New Technologies; AlAkSanКазахстанScientific Center for New Technologies; AlAkSanKazakhstanCenter for Advanced Science and Technology; Казахский национальный университет имени аль-ФарабиКазахстанCenter for Advanced Science and Technology; Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanУниверситет КадизИспанияUniversuty of CadizSpain20252501202614(20)615624Copyright © Мутушев А.Ж., Сейсенова А.Б., Капизов О.С., Муханов Д.К., Гонсалез-лил Х.М., 20262026Мутушев А.Ж., Сейсенова А.Б., Капизов О.С., Муханов Д.К., Гонсалез-лил Х.М.Mutushev A.Z., Seisenova A.B., Kapizov O.S., Mukhanov D.K., González-Leal J.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2170

В условиях растущего накопления сельскохозяйственных и пищевых биоотходов (зерновой шелухи, соломы, кукурузных стеблей и т.д.) разработка эффективных и экологически безопасных технологий переработки является весьма актуальной задачей. В исследовании анализируются современные методы утилизации биомассы, включая компостирование, анаэробное сбраживание, производство биополимеров и производство строительных материалов. В качестве технологии первичной переработки был выбран пиролиз, поскольку он позволяет получать широкий спектр продуктов – биоуголь, жидкое и газообразное топливо, – которые потенциально могут быть использованы в сельском хозяйстве, энергетике и промышленности. Охарактеризован химический состав исходных биоотходов (целлюлоза, лигнин, золообразующие элементы) и рассмотрены способы их получения (сушка, измельчение, предварительная обработка). Представлены результаты лабораторных исследований, подтверждающие эффективность пиролиза при получении ценных продуктов. Была проведена сравнительная оценка с существующими аналогами, а также анализ экологических выгод (сокращение выбросов CO₂ и CH₄, уменьшение объемов размещаемых на свалках отходов) и экономическая оценка перспектив промышленного внедрения. Показано, что переработка биоотходов методом пиролиза имеет большое практическое значение для решения задач ресурсосбережения и охраны окружающей среды. Исследование демонстрирует потенциальное применение полученных продуктов в качестве органических удобрений, источников энергии, сорбентов и компонентов строительных материалов. Определены перспективные направления дальнейших исследований, включая комбинированные технологии переработки и расширение спектра целевых продуктов.

In the context of the increasing accumulation of agricultural and food bio-waste (grain husks, straw, corn stalks, etc.), the development of efficient and environmentally safe processing technologies is a highly relevant task. The study analyzes modern methods of biomass utilization, including composting, anaerobic digestion, biopolymer production, and the manufacture of construction materials. Pyrolysis has been selected as the primary processing technology, as it enables the production of a wide range of products – biochar, liquid and gaseous fuels – that can be potentially applied in agriculture, energy, and industry. The chemical composition of the initial bio-waste (cellulose, lignin, ash-forming elements) is characterized, and the methods of their preparation (drying, grinding, pretreatment) are discussed. The results of laboratory studies are presented, confirming the effectiveness of pyrolysis in producing valuable products. A comparative assessment with existing analogues has been carried out, along with an analysis of the environmental benefits (reduction of CO₂ and CH₄ emissions, decrease in landfilled waste volumes) and an economic evaluation of the prospects for industrial implementation. It is shown that bio-waste processing by pyrolysis has high practical significance for addressing resource conservation and environmental protection challenges. The study demonstrates the potential applications of the obtained products as organic fertilizers, energy sources, sorbents, and components of construction materials. Promising directions for further research are identified, including combined processing technologies and the expansion of the spectrum of target products.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.