kaz44Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические наукиBulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences2788-79953006-0524«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ10.53360/2788-7995-2025-3(19)-68kaz44-2013Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ (ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ)CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (ORIGINAL ARTICLE)СТРУКТУРНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА MXENE И НАНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ И ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF MXENE AND NANOCELLULOSE AND THEIR APPLICATION POTENTIALhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-1371-4378ТабынбаеваА. Т.TabynbayevaA. T.

Айдана Талгатовна Табынбаева – магистрант, кафедра «Химической физики и материаловедения»

050038, Республика Қазахстан, г. Алматы, пр. Аль-Фараби, 71

Aidana Tabynbayeva – Master’s student, Department of Chemical Physics and Materials Science

050038, Rеpublic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Al-Farabi av,71

aidana.tabynbaeva6@gmail.comСулейменоваМ. Е.SuleimenovaM. E.

Мадина Ержанкызы Сулейменова – магистр химической технологии, научный сотрудник кафедры химической физики и материаловедения 

050038, Республика Қазахстан, г. Алматы, пр. Аль-Фараби, 71

Madina Suleimenova – Master of Chemical Technology, Researcher at the Department of Chemical Physics and Materials Science

050038, Rеpublic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Al-Farabi av,71

madekas.semey@gmail.comТастамбекК. Т.TastambekK. T.

Куаныш Талгатович Тастамбек – PhD, директор, НИИ Устойчивости экологии и биоресурсов

050038, Республика Қазахстан, г. Алматы, пр. Аль-Фараби, 71161200, Республика Казахстан, г. Туркестан, пр. Б. Саттарханова, 29

Kuanysh Tastambek – PhD, director, SRI Sustainability of ecology and bioresources

050038, Rеpublic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Al-Farabi av,71161200, Rеpublic of Kazakhstan, Turkestan, B.Sattarkhanov Ave., 29

kuanysh.tastambek@kaznu.edu.kzАкимбековН. Ш.AkimbekovN. S.

Нуралы Шардарбекович Акимбеков – PhD, профессор, НИИ «Экология и устойчивость биоресурсов»

050038, Республика Қазахстан, г. Алматы, пр. Аль-Фараби, 71161200, Республика Казахстан, г. Туркестан, пр. Б. Саттарханова, 29

Nuraly Akimbekov – PhD, professor of the research institute«Ecology and sustainability of Bioresources»

050038, Rеpublic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Al-Farabi av,71161200, Rеpublic of Kazakhstan, Turkestan, B.Sattarkhanov Ave., 29

akimbeknur@gmail.comТауановЖ. Т.TauanovZ. T.

Жандос Турегулович Тауанов – PhD, ассоциированный профессор-исследователь

050038, Республика Қазахстан, г. Алматы, пр. Аль-Фараби, 71161200, Республика Казахстан, г. Туркестан, пр. Б. Саттарханова, 29

Zhandos Tauanov – PhD, associate professor-researcher 

050038, Rеpublic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Al-Farabi av,71161200, Rеpublic of Kazakhstan, Turkestan, B.Sattarkhanov Ave., 29

tauanov.zhandos@kaznu.edu.kzКазахский национальный университет имени аль-ФарабиКазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanКазахский Национальный Университет имени Аль-ФарабиКазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanКазахский Национальный Университет имени Аль-Фараби; Международный казахско-турецкий университет имени Ходжи Ахмеда ЯсавиКазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National University; Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish UniversityKazakhstan20250311202503(19)612623Copyright © Табынбаева А.Т., Сулейменова М.Е., Тастамбек К.Т., Акимбеков Н.Ш., Тауанов Ж.Т., 20252025Табынбаева А.Т., Сулейменова М.Е., Тастамбек К.Т., Акимбеков Н.Ш., Тауанов Ж.Т.Tabynbayeva A.T., Suleimenova M.E., Tastambek K.T., Akimbekov N.S., Tauanov Z.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/2013

В современную эпоху стремительного развития науки и технологий вопросы охраны окружающей среды и рационального использования природных ресурсов приобретают особую актуальность. В этом контексте возрастает интерес к экологически чистым, возобновляемым и высокоэффективным материалам. MXene и наноцеллюлоза - два перспективных наноматериала, вызвавших большой научный интерес за последнее десятилетие. Их структурные особенности, химико-физические свойства и многофункциональность открывают широкие возможности применения в различных отраслях.MXene – двумерный материал, получаемый путём селективного травления MAX-фаз. Благодаря высокой проводимости, гидрофильности, термической и химической стабильности, а также способности к модификации, он активно исследуется в таких областях, как очистка воды, хранение энергии, электроника, сенсоры и биомедицина. Наноцеллюлоза – экологически чистый и биоразлагаемый материал растительного происхождения. Её высокая механическая прочность, большая удельная поверхность и химическая устойчивость делают её востребованной в медицине, пищевой промышленности, упаковке и производстве нанокомпозитов.В статье подробно рассматриваются методы получения этих материалов (например, травление HF или LiF/HCl для синтеза MXene и кислотный гидролиз, механическая и ферментативная обработка для наноцеллюлозы), а также их морфологические и структурные характеристики. Особое внимание уделяется перспективам их совместного применения в виде нанокомпозитов и мембранных структур. Результаты анализа показывают, что благодаря высокой совместимости и функциональности, данные материалы имеют потенциал стать ключевыми компонентами зелёных технологий, направленных на решение экологических и техногенных проблем будущего.

In the modern era of rapid scientific and technological advancement, the preservation of the environment and natural resources has become increasingly important. In this context, there is growing interest in environmentally friendly, renewable, and highly efficient materials. MXene and nanocellulose are two promising nanomaterials that have attracted considerable scientific attention over the past decade. Their unique structural, chemical, and physical properties, as well as their multifunctionality, make them applicable across a wide range of fields.MXene is a two-dimensional material derived from the selective etching of MAX phases. Due to its high conductivity, hydrophilicity, thermal and chemical stability, and tunability, it is widely studied in water purification, energy storage, electronics, sensors, and biomedical applications. Nanocellulose, a bio-based, biodegradable material obtained from plant cellulose, offers high mechanical strength, a large surface area, and chemical stability, making it a valuable material in medicine, food packaging, and nanocomposites.This article provides a detailed review of synthesis methods for these materials (e.g., HF or LiF/HCl etching for MXene, and acid hydrolysis, mechanical, and enzymatic treatment for nanocellulose), along with their morphological and structural characteristics. It also explores their individual and combined application potentials, particularly in nanocomposites and membrane systems. The analysis shows that due to their compatibility and high functionality, these materials may serve as essential components in future green technologies aimed at solving ecological and technogenic challenges.

MXeneнаноцеллюлозасинтезнанотехнологиякомпозитыэкологические материалыочистка водыMXenenanocellulosesynthesisnanotechnologycompositeseco-friendly materialswater purificationReferencesAkhter R. MXenes: A comprehensive review of synthesis, properties, and progress in supercapacitor applications / R. Akhter, S.S. Maktedar // Journal of Materiomics. – 2023. – vol. 9, № 6. – Р. 1196-1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAT.2023.08.011.Akhter R. MXenes: A comprehensive review of synthesis, properties, and progress in supercapacitor applications / R. Akhter, S.S. Maktedar // Journal of Materiomics. – 2023. – vol. 9, № 6. – Р. 1196-1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAT.2023.08.011.Facile Fabrication of Densely Packed Ti3C2MXene/Nanocellulose Composite Films for Enhancing Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Electro-/Photothermal Performance / Z. Zhou et al // ACS Nano. – 2021. – vol. 15, № 7. – Р. 12405-12417. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c04526.Facile Fabrication of Densely Packed Ti3C2MXene/Nanocellulose Composite Films for Enhancing Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Electro-/Photothermal Performance / Z. Zhou et al // ACS Nano. – 2021. – vol. 15, № 7. – Р. 12405-12417. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c04526.Gogotsi Y. MXenes: Two-Dimensional Building Blocks for Future Materials and Devices / Y. Gogotsi, Q. Huang // ACS Nano. – 2021. – vol. 15, № 4. – Р. 5775-5780. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c03161.Gogotsi Y. MXenes: Two-Dimensional Building Blocks for Future Materials and Devices / Y. Gogotsi, Q. Huang // ACS Nano. – 2021. – vol. 15, № 4. – Р. 5775-5780. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c03161.Elastic properties and tensile strength of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene monolayers / C. Rong et al. // Nat Commun. – 2024. – vol. 15, № 1. – Р. 1566. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45657-6.Elastic properties and tensile strength of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene monolayers / C. Rong et al. // Nat Commun. – 2024. – vol. 15, № 1. – Р. 1566. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45657-6.High electrical conductivity and breakdown current density of individual monolayer Ti3C2T MXene flakes / A. Lipatov et al. // Matter. – 2021. – vol. 4, № 4. – Р. 1413-1427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.01.021.High electrical conductivity and breakdown current density of individual monolayer Ti3C2T MXene flakes / A. Lipatov et al. // Matter. – 2021. – vol. 4, № 4. – Р. 1413-1427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.01.021.Transforming Ti3C2Tx MXene’s intrinsic hydrophilicity into superhydrophobicity for efficient photothermal membrane desalination / B. Zhang et al. // Nat Commun. – 2022. – vol. 13, № 1. – Р. 3315. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31028-6.Transforming Ti3C2Tx MXene’s intrinsic hydrophilicity into superhydrophobicity for efficient photothermal membrane desalination / B. Zhang et al. // Nat Commun. – 2022. – vol. 13, № 1. – Р. 3315. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31028-6.Role of Surface Terminations for Charge Storage of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene Electrodes in Aqueous Acidic Electrolyte / L. Liu et al // Angewandte Chemie International Edition. – 2024. – vol. 63, № 14. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202319238.Role of Surface Terminations for Charge Storage of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene Electrodes in Aqueous Acidic Electrolyte / L. Liu et al // Angewandte Chemie International Edition. – 2024. – vol. 63, № 14. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202319238.Understanding the Chemical Degradation of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene Dispersions: A Chronological Analysis / K.P. Marquez et al. // Small Science. – 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400150.Understanding the Chemical Degradation of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene Dispersions: A Chronological Analysis / K.P. Marquez et al. // Small Science. – 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400150.Harja M. Recent advances in removal of Congo Red dye by adsorption using an industrial waste / M. Harja, G. Buema, D. Bucur // Sci Rep. – vol. 12, № 1. – Р. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10093-3.Harja M. Recent advances in removal of Congo Red dye by adsorption using an industrial waste / M. Harja, G. Buema, D. Bucur // Sci Rep. – vol. 12, № 1. – Р. 1-18. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-022- 10093-3.In Situ Synthesis of MXene with Tunable Morphology by Electrochemical Etching of MAX Phase Prepared in Molten Salt / L. Liu et al // Adv Energy Mater. – 2023. – vol. 13, № 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202203805.In Situ Synthesis of MXene with Tunable Morphology by Electrochemical Etching of MAX Phase Prepared in Molten Salt / L. Liu et al // Adv Energy Mater. – 2023. – vol. 13, № 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202203805.Advancements in MXenes and mechanochemistry: exploring new horizons and future applications / S. Iravani et al // Mater Adv. – 2024. – vol. 5, № 21. – Р. 8404-8418. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA00775A.Advancements in MXenes and mechanochemistry: exploring new horizons and future applications / S. Iravani et al // Mater Adv. – 2024. – vol. 5, № 21. – Р. 8404-8418. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MA00775A.Direct synthesis and chemical vapor deposition of 2D carbide and nitride Mxenes / D. Wang et al. // Science. – 2023. – vol. 379, № 6638. – Р. 1242-1247. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add9204.Direct synthesis and chemical vapor deposition of 2D carbide and nitride Mxenes / D. Wang et al. // Science. – 2023. – vol. 379, № 6638. – Р. 1242-1247. https://doi.org/ 10.1126/science.add9204.Huang L. MXene‐Based Membranes for Separation Applications / L. Huang, L. Ding, H. Wang // Small Science. – 2021. – vol. 1, № 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202100013.Huang L. MXene‐Based Membranes for Separation Applications / L. Huang, L. Ding, H. Wang // Small Science. – 2021. – vol. 1, № 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202100013.Cellulose nanofibrils manufactured by various methods with application as paper strength additives / J. Zeng et al // Sci Rep. – 2021. – vol. 11, № 1. – Р. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91420-y.Cellulose nanofibrils manufactured by various methods with application as paper strength additives / J. Zeng et al // Sci Rep. – 2021. – vol. 11, № 1. – Р. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91420-y.A review of nanocellulose as a new material towards environmental sustainability / K. Dhali et al // Science of The Total Environment. – 2021. – vol. 775. – Р. 145871. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.145871.A review of nanocellulose as a new material towards environmental sustainability / K. Dhali et al // Science of The Total Environment. – 2021. – vol. 775. – Р. 145871. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.145871.Emerging developments regarding nanocellulose-based membrane filtration material against microbes / M.N.F. Norrrahim et al // Polymers (Basel). – 2021. – vol. 13, № 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13193249.Emerging developments regarding nanocellulose-based membrane filtration material against microbes / M.N.F. Norrrahim et al // Polymers (Basel). – 2021. – vol. 13, № 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13193249.Barja F. Bacterial nanocellulose production and biomedical applications / F. Barja // J Biomed Res. – 2021. – vol. 35, № 4. – Р. 310-317. https://doi.org/10.7555/JBR.35.20210036.Barja F. Bacterial nanocellulose production and biomedical applications / F. Barja // J Biomed Res. – 2021. – vol. 35, № 4. – Р. 310-317. https://doi.org/10.7555/JBR.35.20210036.Production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass and its potential applications: A review / M. N. Khan et al // Global Nest Journal. – 2024. – vol. 26, № 4. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005604.Production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass and its potential applications: A review / M. N. Khan et al // Global Nest Journal. – 2024. – vol. 26, № 4. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005604.Production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass and its potential applications: A review / M.N. Khan et al // Global Nest Journal. – 2024. – vol. 26, № 4. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005604.Production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass and its potential applications: A review / M.N. Khan et al // Global Nest Journal. – 2024. – vol. 26, № 4. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005604.A comprehensive review of cellulose nanomaterials for adsorption of wastewater pollutants: focus on dye and heavy metal Cr adsorption and oil/water separation / Y. Yang et al // Collagen and Leather. – 2024. – vol. 6, № 1. – Р. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42825-024-00179-1.A comprehensive review of cellulose nanomaterials for adsorption of wastewater pollutants: focus on dye and heavy metal Cr adsorption and oil/water separation / Y. Yang et al // Collagen and Leather. – 2024. – vol. 6, № 1. – Р. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42825-024-00179-1.Recycling of TEMPO-mediated oxidation medium and its effect on nanocellulose properties / H. Xu et al // Carbohydr Polym. – 2023. – vol. 319. – Р. 121168. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2023.121168.Recycling of TEMPO-mediated oxidation medium and its effect on nanocellulose properties / H. Xu et al // Carbohydr Polym. – 2023. – vol. 319. – Р. 121168. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2023.121168.Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose obtained by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of organosolv pulp from reed stalks / V.A. Barbash et al // Appl Nanosci. – 2022. – vol. 12, № 4. – Р. 835-848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-01749-z.Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose obtained by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of organosolv pulp from reed stalks / V.A. Barbash et al // Appl Nanosci. – 2022. – vol. 12, № 4. – Р. 835-848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021- 01749-z.Nanocrystalline cellulose isolation via acid hydrolysis from non-woody biomass: Importance of hydrolysis parameters / A.Q. Almashhadani et al // Carbohydr Polym. – 2022. – vol. 286. – Р. 119285. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2022.119285.Nanocrystalline cellulose isolation via acid hydrolysis from non-woody biomass: Importance of hydrolysis parameters / A.Q. Almashhadani et al // Carbohydr Polym. – 2022. – vol. 286. – Р. 119285. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2022.119285.Entangled cellulose nanofibers produced from sugarcane bagasse via alkaline treatment, mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication / M. Asem et al // Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences. – 2023. – vol. 35, № 1. – Р. 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2021.03.003.Entangled cellulose nanofibers produced from sugarcane bagasse via alkaline treatment, mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication / M. Asem et al // Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences. – 2023. – vol. 35, № 1. – Р. 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2021.03.003.Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) produced by different mechanical methods to improve mechanical properties of recycled paper / F. Hu et al // Carbohydr Polym. – 2021. – vol. 254. – Р. 117474. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2020.117474.Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) produced by different mechanical methods to improve mechanical properties of recycled paper / F. Hu et al // Carbohydr Polym. – 2021. – vol. 254. – Р. 117474. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2020.117474.Preparation of cellulose nanofibers from potato residues by ultrasonication combined with highpressure homogenization / X. Liu et al // Food Chem. – 2023. – vol. 413. – Р. 135675. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2023.135675.Preparation of cellulose nanofibers from potato residues by ultrasonication combined with highpressure homogenization / X. Liu et al // Food Chem. – 2023. – vol. 413. – Р. 135675. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2023.135675.Samsalee N. Rice husk nanocellulose: Extraction by high-pressure homogenization, chemical treatments and characterization / N. Samsalee, J. Meerasri, R. Sothornvit // Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications. – 2023. – vol. 6. – Р. 100353. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARPTA.2023.100353.Samsalee N. Rice husk nanocellulose: Extraction by high-pressure homogenization, chemical treatments and characterization / N. Samsalee, J. Meerasri, R. Sothornvit // Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications. – 2023. – vol. 6. – Р. 100353. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARPTA.2023.100353.Ultrasonic cavitation: An effective cleaner and greener intensification technology in the extraction and surface modification of nanocellulose / D.Y. Hoo et al // Ultrason Sonochem. – 2022. – vol. 90. – Р. 106176. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ULTSONCH.2022.106176.Ultrasonic cavitation: An effective cleaner and greener intensification technology in the extraction and surface modification of nanocellulose / D.Y. Hoo et al // Ultrason Sonochem. – 2022. – vol. 90. – Р. 106176. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ULTSONCH.2022.106176.Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose fiber (CNF) by biological enzymatic method,” / J. Wang et al // Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. – 2024. – vol. 37, № 3. – Р. 1223-1241. https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231180479.Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose fiber (CNF) by biological enzymatic method,” / J. Wang et al // Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. – 2024. – vol. 37, № 3. – Р. 1223-1241. https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231180479.Pradhan D. Emerging technologies for the production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass / D. Pradhan, A.K. Jaiswal, S. Jaiswal // Carbohydr Polym. – 2022. – vol. 285. – Р. 119258. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2022.119258.Pradhan D. Emerging technologies for the production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass / D. Pradhan, A.K. Jaiswal, S. Jaiswal // Carbohydr Polym. – 2022. – vol. 285. – Р. 119258. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2022.119258.Cellulose nanostructures obtained using enzymatic cocktails with different compositions / T.J. Bondancia et al // Int J Biol Macromol. – 2022. – vol. 207. – Р. 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJBIOMAC.2022.03.007.Cellulose nanostructures obtained using enzymatic cocktails with different compositions / T.J. Bondancia et al // Int J Biol Macromol. – 2022. – vol. 207. – Р. 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJBIOMAC.2022.03.007.Exploration of a novel and efficient source for production of bacterial nanocellulose, bioprocess optimization and characterization / N.E.-A. El-Naggar et al // Sci Rep. – 2022. – vol. 12, № 1. – Р. 18533. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22240-x.Exploration of a novel and efficient source for production of bacterial nanocellulose, bioprocess optimization and characterization / N.E.-A. El-Naggar et al // Sci Rep. – 2022. – vol. 12, № 1. – Р. 18533. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22240-x.Bacterial nanocellulose: Optimized synthesis and biomedical applications / Y. Zhou et al // Ind Crops Prod. – vol. 205. – Р. 117589. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDCROP.2023.117589.Bacterial nanocellulose: Optimized synthesis and biomedical applications / Y. Zhou et al // Ind Crops Prod. – vol. 205. – Р. 117589. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDCROP.2023.117589.Synthesis of Nanocellulose as a Sustainable Construction Material from Waste Paper Using the Alkaline Method at Low Temperature / P. Suanto et al // Civil Engineering and Architecture. – 2025. – vol. 13, № 1. – Р. 175-192. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2025.130110.Synthesis of Nanocellulose as a Sustainable Construction Material from Waste Paper Using the Alkaline Method at Low Temperature / P. Suanto et al // Civil Engineering and Architecture. – 2025. – vol. 13, № 1. – Р. 175-192. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2025.130110.Bacha E.G. Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Eragrostis Teff Straw / E.G. Bacha, H.D. Demsash // Journal of cellulose. – 2021.Bacha E.G. Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Eragrostis Teff Straw / E.G. Bacha, H.D. Demsash // Journal of cellulose. – 2021.Nanocellulose from oil palm biomass to enhance microbial fermentation of butanol for bioenergy applications / N. Hastuti et al // Bioresources. – 2019. – vol. 14, № 3. – Р. 6936-6957. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6936-6957.Nanocellulose from oil palm biomass to enhance microbial fermentation of butanol for bioenergy applications / N. Hastuti et al // Bioresources. – 2019. – vol. 14, № 3. – Р. 6936-6957. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6936-6957.S. Głowniak and B. Szcz Recent Developments in Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanoporous Materials. – 2023.S. Głowniak and B. Szcz Recent Developments in Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanoporous Materials. – 2023.Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) produced by different mechanical methods to improve mechanical properties of recycled paper / F. Hu et al // Carbohydr Polym. – 2021. – vol. 254. – Р. 117474. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2020.117474.Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) produced by different mechanical methods to improve mechanical properties of recycled paper / F. Hu et al // Carbohydr Polym. – 2021. – vol. 254. – Р. 117474. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2020.117474.A comprehensive review of cellulose nanomaterials for adsorption of wastewater pollutants: focus on dye and heavy metal Cr adsorption and oil/water separation / Y. Yang et al // Collagen and Leather. – 2024. – vol. 6, № 1. – Р. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42825-024-00179-1.A comprehensive review of cellulose nanomaterials for adsorption of wastewater pollutants: focus on dye and heavy metal Cr adsorption and oil/water separation / Y. Yang et al // Collagen and Leather. – 2024. – vol. 6, № 1. – Р. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42825-024-00179-1.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.