kaz44Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические наукиBulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences2788-79953006-0524«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ10.53360/2788-7995-2025-4(20)-68kaz44-1962Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ (ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ)CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (ORIGINAL ARTICLE)КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ТРОФИЧЕСКИХ ЯЗВCOMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES: PROSPECTS IN THE TREATMENT OF TROPHIC ULCERShttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-0394-0130МынбаеваА. А.MyngbayevaA. A.

Аружан Аманкелдыкызы Мынбаева –магистрант

кафедры «Химии и технологии органических веществ, природных соединений и полимеров»

 

050040, Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы, проспект аль-Фараби, 71

Aruzhan Mynbayeva – master's student of the department «Chemistry and technology of organic substances, natural compounds and polymers»

050040, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Al-Farabi ave., 71

aruzhan.mnbv@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-1436АманжолқызыА.AmanzholkyzyA.

Арайлым Аманжолкызы –магистр химии, научный сотрудник кафедры «Химии и технологии органических веществ, природных соединений и полимеров»

 

050040, Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы, проспект аль-Фараби, 71

 

Arailym Amanzholkyzy – master of Chemistry, research associate of the department «Chemistry and technology of organic substances, natural compounds and polymers»

050040, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Al-Farabi ave., 71

arai13_95@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-678XЖумагалиеваШ. Н.ZhumagalievaSh. N.

Шынар Нурлановна Жумагалиева – доктор химических наук, профессор кафедры «Химии и технологии органических веществ, природных соединений и полимеров»

 

050040, Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы, проспект аль-Фараби, 71

Shynar Zhumagalieva – doctor of chemical sciences, professor of the department «Chemistry and technology of organic substances, natural compounds and polymers»

050040, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Al-Farabi ave., 71

shynarnur@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-2539АбиловЖ. А.AbilovZh. A.

Жарылкасын Абдуахитович Абилов – доктор химических наук, профессор кафедры «Химии и технологии органических веществ, природных соединений и полимеров»

 

050040, Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы, проспект аль-Фараби, 71

Jarylkasyn Abilov – doctor of chemical sciences, professor of the department «Chemistry and technology of organic substances, natural compounds and polymers»

050040, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Al-Farabi ave., 71

abilovs51@mail.ruКазахский Национальный Университет имени аль-ФарабиКазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstan20252501202614(20)573587Copyright © Мынбаева А.А., Аманжолқызы А., Жумагалиева Ш.Н., Абилов Ж.А., 20262026Мынбаева А.А., Аманжолқызы А., Жумагалиева Ш.Н., Абилов Ж.А.Myngbayeva A.A., Amanzholkyzy A., Zhumagalieva S.N., Abilov Z.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/1962

Хронические раны представляют серьезную проблему для современной медицины. В особенности сейчас можно наблюдать тенденцию увеличения числа пациентов с диабетическими ранами стопы. Поэтому разработка перевязочных материалов с идеальными характеристиками является одной из ключевых задач в современной медицине. Целлюлоза представляет собой перспективный материал для разработки раневых покрытий благодаря своей биосовместимости, доступности и экологичности. В данной статье поставлена цель проведения обзора исследований по гидрогелям и пленкам на основе производных целлюлозы и ее композиций для покрытия ран, опубликованных в научной литературе за последние десятилетия. Особое внимание уделено материалам, содержащим бентонит, и его влиянию на механические, сорбционные и биомедицинские свойства перевязочных покрытий. Проведён анализ отечественных и зарубежных исследований, посвящённых композитным материалам на основе карбоксиметилцеллюлозы (КМЦ) и бентонита. Анализ, имеющихся на сегодняшний день исследований показывает, что введение бентонита в полимерные матрицы способствует увеличению механической прочности, влагопоглощающей способности и структурной стабильности покрытий. Включение глинистых частиц позволяет регулировать процесс высвобождения лекарственных веществ, повышая таким образом эффективность терапевтического воздействия. Исследования, проведенные Казахстанскими учеными, подтверждают перспективность использования местных бентонитовых глин в разработке перевязочных материалов. Развитие композитных гидрогелей и плёнок на основе производных целлюлозы и бентонита открывает новые возможности для создания эффективных биосовместимых раневых покрытий. Дальнейшие исследования должны быть направлены на оптимизацию их состава и структуры для повышения функциональных характеристик и терапевтической эффективности.

Chronic wounds pose a serious challenge to modern medicine. There is now a trend towards an increase in the number of patients with diabetic foot wounds. Therefore, the development of dressing materials with ideal characteristics is one of the key tasks in modern medicine. Cellulose is a promising material for the development of wound dressings due to its biocompatibility, availability and environmental friendliness. The aim of this article is to review the studies on hydrogels and films based on cellulose derivatives and its compositions for wound covering published in the scientific literature over the past decades. Particular attention is paid to materials containing bentonite and its influence on the mechanical, sorption and biomedical properties of dressings. An analysis of domestic and foreign studies devoted to composite materials based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and bentonite was conducted. Analysis of the research available to date shows that the introduction of bentonite into polymer matrices helps to increase the mechanical strength, moisture absorption capacity and structural stability of the coatings. The inclusion of clay particles allows for the regulation of the release of medicinal substances, thus increasing the effectiveness of the therapeutic effect. Studies conducted by Kazakhstan scientists confirm the potential of using local bentonite clays in the development of dressings. The development of composite hydrogels and films based on cellulose and bentonite derivatives opens new possibilities for creating effective biocompatible wound dressings. Further research should be aimed at optimizing their composition and structure to improve functional characteristics and therapeutic effectiveness.

Карбоксиметилцеллюлозабентониткомпозиционные материалыраневые покрытиягидрогелипленкизаживление раныcarboxymethylcellulosebentonitecomposite materialswound dressingshydrogelsfilmswound healingданное исследование финансируется Комитетом Науки Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан (грант № АP22684531, «Разработка гидрогелевых форм растительных экстрактов на основе ГПМЦ»).References3D Cell Printing of Perfusable Vascularized Human Skin Equivalent Composed of Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis for Better Structural Recapitulation of Native Skin / B.S. Kim et al // Advanced Healthcare Materials. – 2019. – V. 8, Issue 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201801019.3D Cell Printing of Perfusable Vascularized Human Skin Equivalent Composed of Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis for Better Structural Recapitulation of Native Skin / B.S. Kim et al // Advanced Healthcare Materials. – 2019. – V. 8, Issue 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201801019. (In English).Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering / K. Vig et al // International Journal of Molecular Sciences. – 2017. – V. 18, Issue 4. – Р. 789. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040789.Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering / K. Vig et al // International Journal of Molecular Sciences. – 2017. – V. 18, Issue 4. – R. 789. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040789. (In English).The top 10 causes of death. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death.The top 10 causes of death. [Ehlektronnyi resurs]. Rezhim dostupa: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death. (In English).Shengji ointment combined with bromelain promotes granulation of exposed tendons in diabetic foot ulcers: A multicenter, randomized, positive-controlled clinical trial / X. Sun et al // Heliyon. – 2024. – V. 10, Issue 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39716.Shengji ointment combined with bromelain promotes granulation of exposed tendons in diabetic foot ulcers: A multicenter, randomized, positive-controlled clinical trial / X. Sun et al // Heliyon. – 2024. – V. 10, Issue 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39716. (In English).Prevalence, risk level and risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer among adult individuals with diabetes in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkiye / M. Kilic et al // Journal of Tissue Viability. – 2024. – V. 34, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2024.12.003.Prevalence, risk level and risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer among adult individuals with diabetes in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkiye / M. Kilic et al // Journal of Tissue Viability. – 2024. – V. 34, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2024.12.003. (In English).The Dysvascular Foot: A System for Diagnosis and Treatment / F.W. Wagner // Foot & Ankle. – 1981. – V.2, Issue 2. – P. 64-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110078100200202.The Dysvascular Foot: A System for Diagnosis and Treatment / F.W. Wagner // Foot & Ankle. – 1981. – V.2, Issue 2. – P. 64-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110078100200202. (In English).Hyperglycaemia-Linked Diabetic Foot Complications and Their Management Using Conventional and Alternative Therapies / P. Ansari et al // Applied Sciences. – 2022. – V. 12, Issue 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211777.Hyperglycaemia-Linked Diabetic Foot Complications and Their Management Using Conventional and Alternative Therapies / P. Ansari et al // Applied Sciences. – 2022. – V. 12, Issue 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211777. (In English).Management of diabetic foot ulcers / K. Alexiadou et al // Diabetes therapy: research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders. – 2012. – V. 3, Issue 1. – P. 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-012-0004-9.Management of diabetic foot ulcers / K. Alexiadou et al // Diabetes therapy: research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders. – 2012. – V. 3, Issue 1. – P. 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-012-0004-9. (In English).Application of a collagen matrix dressing on a neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized control trial / G.E. Djavid et al // Journal of wound care. – 2020. – V. 29, Issue 3. – P. 13-18. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup3.s13.Application of a collagen matrix dressing on a neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized control trial / G.E. Djavid et al // Journal of wound care. – 2020. – V. 29, Issue 3. – P. 13-18. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup3.s13. (In English).Wound Healing: From Passive to Smart Dressings / M. Farahani et al // Advanced healthcare materials. – 2021. – V. 10, Issue 16. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202100477.Wound Healing: From Passive to Smart Dressings / M. Farahani et al // Advanced healthcare materials. – 2021. – V. 10, Issue 16. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202100477. (In English).Interactive dressings and topical agents / R.J. Morin et al // Clinics in plastic surgery. –2007. – V. 34, Issue 4. – P. 643-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2007.07.004.Interactive dressings and topical agents / R.J. Morin et al // Clinics in plastic surgery. –2007. – V. 34, Issue 4. – P. 643-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2007.07.004. (In English).Design and evaluation of new wound dressings based on collagen-cellulose derivatives / E-E. Tudoroiu // Materials & Design. – 2023. – V. 236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112469.Design and evaluation of new wound dressings based on collagen-cellulose derivatives / E-E. Tudoroiu // Materials & Design. – 2023. – V. 236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112469. (In English).Cellulose ionogels: Recent advancement in material, design, performance and applications / Q. Chen et al // Resources Chemicals and Materials. – 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recm.2024.12.001.Cellulose ionogels: Recent advancement in material, design, performance and applications / Q. Chen et al // Resources Chemicals and Materials. – 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recm.2024.12.001. (In English).Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material / D. Klemm et al // Angewandte Chemie International Edition. – 2005. – V. 44, Issue 22. – P. 3358-3393. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460587.Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material / D. Klemm et al // Angewandte Chemie International Edition. – 2005. – V. 44, Issue 22. – P. 3358-3393. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460587. (In English).Cellulose-Based Gels / H. Kang et al // Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. – 2016. – V. 217. – P. 1322-1334. http://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201500493.Cellulose-Based Gels / H. Kang et al // Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. – 2016. – V. 217. – P. 1322-1334. http://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201500493. (In English).An Overview of Cellulose Derivatives-Based Dressings for Wound-Healing Management / E.E. Tudoroiu et al // Pharmaceuticals. – 2021. – V. 14, Issue 12. – P. 1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14121215.An Overview of Cellulose Derivatives-Based Dressings for Wound-Healing Management / E.E. Tudoroiu et al // Pharmaceuticals. – 2021. – V. 14, Issue 12. – P. 1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14121215. (In English).Thermoresponsive keratin-methylcellulose self-healing injectable hydrogel accelerating fullthickness wound healing by – promoting rapid epithelialization / K. Dixit et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2024. – V. 263, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130073.Thermoresponsive keratin-methylcellulose self-healing injectable hydrogel accelerating fullthickness wound healing by – promoting rapid epithelialization / K. Dixit et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2024. – V. 263, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130073. (In English).Fabrication of honey-loaded ethylcellulose/gum tragacanth nanofibers as an effective antibacterial wound dressing / M. Ghorbani // Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. – 2021. – V. 621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126615.Fabrication of honey-loaded ethylcellulose/gum tragacanth nanofibers as an effective antibacterial wound dressing / M. Ghorbani // Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. – 2021. – V. 621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126615. (In English).Porous antimicrobial crosslinked film of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/carboxymethyl starch incorporating gallic acid for wound dressing application / V. Pitpisutkul et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2024. – V. 256, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128231.Porous antimicrobial crosslinked film of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/carboxymethyl starch incorporating gallic acid for wound dressing application / V. Pitpisutkul et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2024. – V. 256, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128231. (In English).Asymmetric chitosan-derivative/carboxymethylcellulose layer-by-layer film combining antimicrobial and vascular regeneration for the repair of infected wounds / F. Yang et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2024. – V. 269, Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132031.Asymmetric chitosan-derivative/carboxymethylcellulose layer-by-layer film combining antimicrobial and vascular regeneration for the repair of infected wounds / F. Yang et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2024. – V. 269, Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132031. (In English).Medicated tri-layer fibers based on cellulose acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone for enhanced antibacterial and wound healing properties / M. Wang et al // Carbohydrate Polymers. – 2025. – V. 348 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122856.Medicated tri-layer fibers based on cellulose acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone for enhanced antibacterial and wound healing properties / M. Wang et al // Carbohydrate Polymers. – 2025. – V. 348 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122856. (In English).Nanoparticles loaded triple-layered cellulose-acetate based multifunctional dressing for wound healing / S.S. Dugam et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2024. – V. 276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133837.Nanoparticles loaded triple-layered cellulose-acetate based multifunctional dressing for wound healing / S.S. Dugam et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2024. – V. 276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133837. (In English).Arabinoxylan-Carboxymethylcellulose Composite Films for Antibiotic Delivery to Infected Wounds / N.K. Alruwaili et al // Polymers. – 2022. – V. 14, Issue 9. – P. 1769. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14091769.Arabinoxylan-Carboxymethylcellulose Composite Films for Antibiotic Delivery to Infected Wounds / N.K. Alruwaili et al // Polymers. – 2022. – V. 14, Issue 9. – P. 1769. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14091769. (In English).WoundRes Collagen Hydrogel. [Электронный ресурс] – Режим доступа: https://www.coloplast.us/woundres-collagen-hydrogel-1-en-us.aspx.WoundRes Collagen Hydrogel. [Ehlektronnyi resurs] – Rezhim dostupa:https://www.coloplast.us/woundres-collagen-hydrogel-1-en-us.aspx . (In English).Health Care Professionals. [Электронный ресурс] – Режим доступа: https://www.smithnephew.com/en/health-care-professionals.Health Care Professionals. [Ehlektronnyi resurs] – Rezhim dostupa: https://www.smithnephew.com/en/health-care-professionals. (In English).ConvaTec. [Электронный ресурс] – Режим доступа: http://www.convatec.co.uk/.ConvaTec. [Ehlektronnyi resurs] – Rezhim dostupa:http://www.convatec.co.uk/. (In English).Chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose wound dressings supplemented with biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles from the ligninolytic fungus Anamorphous Bjerkandera sp. R1 / Echavarría J. Osorio et al // Heliyon. – 2022. – V. 8, Issue 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10258.Chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose wound dressings supplemented with biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles from the ligninolytic fungus Anamorphous Bjerkandera sp. R1 / Echavarría J. Osorio et al // Heliyon. – 2022. – V. 8, Issue 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10258. (In English).Superabsorbent crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose-PEG hydrogels for potential wound dressing applications / N.S.V. Capanema et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2018. – V. 106. – P. 1218–1234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.124.Superabsorbent crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose-PEG hydrogels for potential wound dressing applications / N.S.V. Capanema et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2018. – V. 106. – P. 1218–1234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.124. (In English).Characterization and Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Films for Healing of FullThickness Wounds in Normal and Diabetic Rats / P. Basu // ACS omega. – 2018. – V. 3, Issue 10. – P. 12622–12632. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02015.Characterization and Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Films for Healing of FullThickness Wounds in Normal and Diabetic Rats / P. Basu // ACS omega. – 2018. – V. 3, Issue 10. – P. 12622–12632. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02015. (In English).Fabrication, characterization and drug loading efficiency of citric acid crosslinked NaCMCHPMC hydrogel films for wound healing drug delivery applications / K. Dharmalingam et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2019. – V. 134. – P. 815-829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.027.Fabrication, characterization and drug loading efficiency of citric acid crosslinked NaCMCHPMC hydrogel films for wound healing drug delivery applications / K. Dharmalingam et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2019. – V. 134. – P. 815-829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.027. (In English).Quaternized chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/sodium carboxymethylcellulose blend film for potential wound dressing application / D. Hu et al // Wound Medicine. – 2017. – V. 16. – P. 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wndm.2016.12.003.Quaternized chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/sodium carboxymethylcellulose blend film for potential wound dressing application / D. Hu et al // Wound Medicine. – 2017. – V. 16. – P. 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wndm.2016.12.003. (In English).Wound healing evaluation of sodium fucidate-loaded polyvinylalcohol/sodium carboxymethylcellulose-based wound dressing / J.H. Lee et al // Archives of pharmacal research. – 2010. – V. 33, Issue 7. – P. 1083–1089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-010-0715-2.Wound healing evaluation of sodium fucidate-loaded polyvinylalcohol/sodium carboxymethylcellulose-based wound dressing / J.H. Lee et al // Archives of pharmacal research. – 2010. – V. 33, Issue 7. – P. 1083–1089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-010-0715-2. (In English).Formulation of Novel Layered Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Film Wound Dressings with Ibuprofen for Alleviating Wound Pain / L. Vinklárková et al // BioMed research international. –2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/892671.Formulation of Novel Layered Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Film Wound Dressings with Ibuprofen for Alleviating Wound Pain / L. Vinklárková et al // BioMed research international. –2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/892671. (In English).Nanomaterial strategies in wound healing: A comprehensive review of nanoparticles, nanofibers and nanosheets / M. Afshar et al // International Wound Gournal. – 2024. – V. 21, Issue 7. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.14953.Nanomaterial strategies in wound healing: A comprehensive review of nanoparticles, nanofibers and nanosheets / M. Afshar et al // International Wound Gournal. – 2024. – V. 21, Issue 7. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.14953. (In English).Bioengineered Water-Responsive Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel Hybrids for Wound Dressing and Skin Tissue Engineering Applications / N.S.V. Capanema et al // Gels – 2023. – V. 9, Issue 2. – P. 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9020166.Bioengineered Water-Responsive Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel Hybrids for Wound Dressing and Skin Tissue Engineering Applications / N.S.V. Capanema et al // Gels – 2023. – V. 9, Issue 2. – P. 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9020166. (In English).Collagen-Carboxymethylcellulose Biocomposite Wound-Dressings with Antimicrobial Activity / I.A. Neacsu et al // Materials. – 2021. – V. 14. – P. 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051153.Collagen-Carboxymethylcellulose Biocomposite Wound-Dressings with Antimicrobial Activity / I.A. Neacsu et al // Materials. – 2021. – V. 14. – P. 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051153. (In English).Graphene Oxide Carboxymethylcellulose Nanocomposite for Dressing Materials / M.L. Saladino et al // Materials. – 2020. – V. 13. – P. 1980. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081980.Graphene Oxide Carboxymethylcellulose Nanocomposite for Dressing Materials / M.L. Saladino et al // Materials. – 2020. – V. 13. – P. 1980. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081980. (In English).PVA–clay nanocomposite hydrogels for wound dressing / M. Kokabi et al // European Polymer Journal. – 2007. – V. 43, Issue 3. – P. 773-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.11.030.PVA–clay nanocomposite hydrogels for wound dressing / M. Kokabi et al // European Polymer Journal. – 2007. – V. 43, Issue 3. – P. 773-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.11.030. (In English).A review of carboxymethyl cellulose composite-based hydrogels in drug delivery applications. Y. Gupta et al // Results in Chemistry. – 2024. – V. 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101695.A review of carboxymethyl cellulose composite-based hydrogels in drug delivery applications. Y. Gupta et al // Results in Chemistry. – 2024. – V. 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101695. (In English).Biodegradable Cellulose-based Hydrogels: Design and Applications / A. Sannino et al // Materials. – 2009. – V. 2. – P. 353-373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma2020353.Biodegradable Cellulose-based Hydrogels: Design and Applications / A. Sannino et al // Materials. – 2009. – V. 2. – P. 353-373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma2020353. (In English).The Use of Some Clay Minerals as Natural Resources for Drug Carrier Applications / M. Massaro et al // Journal of Functional Biomaterials. – 2018. – V. 9, Issue 4. – P. 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb9040058.The Use of Some Clay Minerals as Natural Resources for Drug Carrier Applications / M. Massaro et al // Journal of Functional Biomaterials. – 2018. – V. 9, Issue 4. – P. 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb9040058. (In English).Возможности использования бентонитовых глин в медицине / Н.Т. Гылымхан и др. // Доклады Национальной академии Республики Казахстан. – 2016. – № 4. – С. 24-33.Vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniya bentonitovykh glin v meditsine / N.T. Gylymkhan i dr. // Doklady Natsional'noi akademii Respubliki Kazakhstan. – 2016. – № 4. – S. 24-33. (In Russian).Application of montmorillonite in bentonite as a pharmaceutical excipient in drug delivery systems / J. Park et al // Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation. – 2016. – V. 46, Issue 4. – P. 363-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-016-0258-8.Application of montmorillonite in bentonite as a pharmaceutical excipient in drug delivery systems / J. Park et al // Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation. – 2016. – V. 46, Issue 4. – P. 363-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-016-0258-8. (In English).Лечебные свойства бентонита / Ф.Ш. Назарова и др. // Достижения науки и образования. – 2020. – № 5. – С. 59.Lechebnye svoistva bentonita / F.SH. Nazarova i dr. // Dostizheniya nauki i obrazovaniya. – 2020. – № 5. – S. 59. (In Russian).Cтруктура и биологическая активность композитов гидроксиэтилцеллюлозы/бентонит / Е.В. Гарасько и др. // Успехи современного естествознания. – 2015. – № 11-1. – С. 20-25.Ctruktura i biologicheskaya aktivnost' kompozitov gidroksiehtiltsellyulozy/bentonit / E.V. Garas'ko i dr. // Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya. – 2015. – № 11-1. – S. 20-25. (In Russian).Preparation and characterization of chitosan-bentonite nanocomposite films for wound healing application / N. Devi et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2017. – V. 104. – 1897-1904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.080.Preparation and characterization of chitosan-bentonite nanocomposite films for wound healing application / N. Devi et al // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2017. – V. 104. – 1897-1904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.080. (In English).Глинистые композиции натриевой соли карбоксиметилцеллюлозы в качестве носителя рихлокаина / Ш.Н. Жумагалиева // Известия НАН РК. Серия химическая. – 2008. –№ 5. – С. 63-66.Glinistye kompozitsii natrievoi soli karboksimetiltsellyulozy v kachestve nositelya rikhlokaina / SH.N. Zhumagalieva // Izvestiya NAN RK. Seriya khimicheskaya. – 2008. –№ 5. – S. 63-66. (In Russian).Exploring the cellular uptake of hectorite clay mineral and its drug carrier capabilities / M. Notarbartolo // Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. – 2022. – V. 220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112931.Exploring the cellular uptake of hectorite clay mineral and its drug carrier capabilities / M. Notarbartolo // Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. – 2022. – V. 220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112931. (In English).Functionalizing graphene with clay nanosheets as a protein carrier / Q. Wang et al // Colloid and Interface Science Communications. – 2022. – V. 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2022.100618.Functionalizing graphene with clay nanosheets as a protein carrier / Q. Wang et al // Colloid and Interface Science Communications. – 2022. – V. 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2022.100618. (In English).Clay/au nanoparticle composites as acetylcholinesterase carriers and modified-electrode materials: A comparative study / A. Phongphut et al // Applied Clay Science. – 2020. – V. 194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105704.Clay/au nanoparticle composites as acetylcholinesterase carriers and modified-electrode materials: A comparative study / A. Phongphut et al // Applied Clay Science. – 2020. – V. 194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105704. (In English).Clay/chitosan biocomposite systems as novel green carriers for covalent immobilization of food enzymes / I. Cacciotti et al // Journal of Materials Research and Technology. – 2019. – V. 8, Issue 4. – P. 3644-3652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.06.002.Clay/chitosan biocomposite systems as novel green carriers for covalent immobilization of food enzymes / I. Cacciotti et al // Journal of Materials Research and Technology. – 2019. – V. 8, Issue 4. – P. 3644-3652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.06.002. (In English).Preparation and characterization of dicarboxylic acid modified starch-clay composites as carriers for pesticide delivery / Sh. Jain et al // Arabian Journal of Chemistry. – 2020. – V. 13, Issue 11. – P. 7990-8002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.028.Preparation and characterization of dicarboxylic acid modified starch-clay composites as carriers for pesticide delivery / Sh. Jain et al // Arabian Journal of Chemistry. – 2020. – V. 13, Issue 11. – P. 7990-8002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.028. (In English).Evaluation of clay-ionene nanocomposite carriers for controlled drug delivery: Synthesis, in vitro drug release, and kinetics / H. El-Hamshary et al // Materials Chemistry and Physics. – 2019. – V. 225. – P. 122-132. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155895.Evaluation of clay-ionene nanocomposite carriers for controlled drug delivery: Synthesis, in vitro drug release, and kinetics / H. El-Hamshary et al // Materials Chemistry and Physics. – 2019. – V. 225. – P. 122-132. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155895. (In English).Complex of chitosan pectin and clay as diclofenac carrier / D. Cheikh et al // Applied Clay Science. – 2019. – V. 172. – P. 155-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.03.004.Complex of chitosan pectin and clay as diclofenac carrier / D. Cheikh et al // Applied Clay Science. – 2019. – V. 172. – P. 155-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.03.004. (In English).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.