kaz44Вестник Университета Шакарима. Серия технические наукиBulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences2788-79953006-0524«Шәкәрім университеті» КеАҚ10.53360/2788-7995-2026-2(22)-42kaz44-1798Research ArticleПИЩЕВАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯМИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ОСТАТКОВ ТУРКЕСТАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ И ИХ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ В ПРОЦЕССАХ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО СЫРЬЯMICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT RESIDUES OF THE TURKESTAN REGION AND THEIR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL IN THE PROCESSING OF LIGNOCELLULOSE RAW MATERIALShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-1982КаримоваС. С.KarimovaS. S.

Саулет Сабитхановна Каримова – постдокторант, старший научный сотрудник, 

160012, г. Шымкент, проспект Тауке хана, 5

Saulet Sabitkhanovna Karimova – postdoctoral researcher, Senior Researcher, 

160012, Shymkent, 5 Tauke Khan Avenue

saulet_ka@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8323-3982ИсаеваА. У.IssayevaA. U.

Акмарал Умирбековна Исаева – доктор биологических наук, профессор, директор НИИ Экологии и биологии, 

160031, г. Шымкент, Каратауский район, Тассайский подрайон, улица Жибек жолы, земельный участок №6

kmaral Umirbekovna Issayeva – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor. Director of the Research Institute of Ecology and Biology,

160031, Shymkent, Karatau district, Tassai subdistrict, Zhibek Zholy street, land plot № 6

akissayeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8821-8845ТлеукееваА. Е.TleukeyevaA. Ye.

Асель Ержановна Тлеукеева – PhD, старший научный сотрудник, 

160012, г. Шымкент, проспект Тауке хана, 5

Assel Yerzhanovna Tleukeyeva – PhD, Senior Researcher,

160012, Shymkent, 5 Tauke Khan Avenue

aseltleukeyeva@mail.ruЮжно-Казахстанский университет имени М. АуэзоваКазахстанM. Auezov South Kazakhstan UniversityKazakhstanШымкентский УниверситетКазахстанShymkent UniversityKazakhstan20262907202602(22)380389Copyright © Каримова С.С., Исаева А.У., Тлеукеева А.Е., 20262026Каримова С.С., Исаева А.У., Тлеукеева А.Е.Karimova S.S., Issayeva A.U., Tleukeyeva A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://tech.vestnik.shakarim.kz/jour/article/view/1798

Растительные остатки являются важным компонентом экосистемы и источником органического вещества для почв, играя ключевую роль в круговороте углерода и формировании гумуса. В условиях Туркестанской области, характеризующейся аридным климатом, изучение микробного разнообразия растительных остатков особенно актуально для оценки процессов разложения целлюлозы и полисахаридов.

Цель исследования заключалась в изучении состава целлюлозолитических микроорганизмов в растительных остатках и оценке их функционального потенциала для биотехнологического применения. Основные направления работы включали выделение бактерий и грибов, их морфологическую и количественную характеристику, идентификацию методом MALDI-TOF, а также анализ их роли в разложении целлюлозы и формировании почвенного гумуса.

Научная значимость исследования заключается в уточнении структуры микробного сообщества растительных остатков аридного региона и выявлении видов с высокой ферментативной активностью, что расширяет знания о целлюлозолитических бактериях и грибах. Практическая значимость работы заключается в использовании полученных данных для разработки биотехнологических подходов переработки растительных остатков и повышения плодородия почв.

В качестве методологии использовалось выделение микроорганизмов на стандартных питательных средах, морфологическая оценка колоний, количественное определение в КОЕ/г, а также видовая идентификация бактерий и грибов методом MALDI-TOF, что обеспечило высокую точность определения микроорганизмов.

В ходе исследования были выделены бактерии Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Acinetobacter lwoffii. Bacillus spp. обеспечивают первичное разрушение клетчатки и полисахаридов, грибы участвуют в разложении более структурированной целлюлозы и лигнина, а Acinetobacter lwoffii перерабатывает побочные продукты разложения и поддерживает функциональное разнообразие микробного сообщества.

Проведенное исследование внесло вклад в понимание функционального разнообразия целлюлозолитических микроорганизмов в аридных экосистемах и подчеркнуло их роль в биотехнологии. Практическое значение работы заключается в возможности создания ферментных препаратов, биоконверсии сельхозотходов и разработки биоудобрений, способствующих устойчивому развитию агроэкологических систем региона.

Plant remains are an important component of the ecosystem and a source of organic matter for soils, playing a key role in the carbon cycle and the formation of humus. In the conditions of the Turkestan region, characterized by an arid climate, the study of the microbial diversity of plant residues is especially important for assessing the decomposition processes of cellulose and polysaccharides.

The aim of the study was to study the composition of cellulolytic microorganisms in plant residues and to assess their functional potential for biotechnological applications. The main areas of work included the isolation of bacteria and fungi, their morphological and quantitative characteristics, identification by the MALDI-TOF method, as well as analysis of their role in the decomposition of cellulose and the formation of soil humus.

The scientific significance of the study lies in clarifying the structure of the microbial community of the plant remains of the arid region and identifying species with high enzymatic activity, which expands knowledge about cellulolytic bacteria and fungi. The practical significance of the work lies in using the data obtained to develop biotechnological approaches for processing plant residues and increasing soil fertility.

The methodology used was the isolation of microorganisms on standard nutrient media, morphological assessment of colonies, quantitative determination in CFU/g, as well as species identification of bacteria and fungi by the MALDI-TOF method, which ensured high accuracy in the determination of microorganisms.

The bacteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, and Acinetobacter lwoffii were isolated during the study. Bacillus spp. they provide the primary destruction of fiber and polysaccharides, fungi participate in the decomposition of more structured cellulose and lignin, and Acinetobacter lwoffii processes decomposition byproducts and supports the functional diversity of the microbial community.

The study has contributed to the understanding of the functional diversity of cellulolytic microorganisms in arid ecosystems and highlighted their role in biotechnology. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of creating enzyme preparations, bioconversion of agricultural waste and the development of biofertilizers that contribute to the sustainable development of the agroecological systems of the region.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.